Survey Results

Values in science (is ideal scientific reasoning necessarily sensitive or insensitive to non-epistemic values?): can be either, necessarily value-laden, or necessarily value-free?

Population

AOS

Region

for

Exclude answers beyond respondent's first 50

Include skip/insufficiently familiar answers

961 respondents

What the percentages mean: "Accept or lean toward P: 50% (40%)" means that 50% of respondents endorsed this answer inclusively (including multiple-answer endorsements) and 40% endorsed this answer exclusively (excluding multiple-answer endorsements).

These results should not be used for comparison to 2009 results due to different populations and parameters. For meaningful longitudinal comparisons, see the longitudinal analysis section.

Collapse accept and lean towards

Accept or lean towards:
necessarily value-free

17.69% (17.59%)

Reject or lean against:
necessarily value-free

0.31% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
necessarily value-laden

44.02% (43.91%)

Reject or lean against:
necessarily value-laden

0.31% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
can be either

31.11% (30.70%)

Reject or lean against:
can be either

0.10% (0.00%)

Accept a combination of views

0.62%

Accept an alternative view

0.21%

The question is too unclear to answer

3.33%

There is no fact of the matter

0.21%

Agnostic/undecided

3.33%

Other

0.10%

N = 961, excluding skipped & insufficiently familiar (152 respondents)

Most popular option combinations

Options	Number of responses	% of responses
Accept or lean towards: can be either	3	0.31%
Accept or lean towards: necessarily value-laden	1	0.10%
Accept or lean towards: necessarily value-free Accept or lean towards: can be either	1	0.10%

Longitudinal comparison to 2009 survey

This question was not in the 2009 survey

Strongest correlations with main questions (target population)

r: -0.28	Science: scientific realism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	246	115
Reject	397	66

n: 824

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Race: biological
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	46	321
Reject	120	303

n: 790

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Extended mind: yes
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	202	92
Reject	173	212

n: 679

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	True contradictions: actual
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	59	223
Reject	34	342

n: 658

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Semantic content: radical contextualism (most or all)
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	88	143
Reject	65	259

n: 555

p < 0.0001

r: -0.24	True contradictions: impossible
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	188	94
Reject	308	68

n: 658

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Response to external-world skepticism: pragmatic
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	102	170
Reject	68	303

n: 643

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Truth: epistemic
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	62	278
Reject	31	411

n: 782

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Units of selection: genes
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	63	27
Reject	174	208

n: 472

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Science: scientific realism
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	148	14
Reject	495	167

n: 824

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Units of selection: genes
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	87	127
Reject	150	108

n: 472

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Extended mind: yes
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	50	85
Reject	325	219

n: 679

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Race: social
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	302	67
Reject	259	163

n: 791

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Politics: capitalism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	81	227
Reject	159	220

n: 687

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Race: biological
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	51	84
Reject	115	540

n: 790

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	True contradictions: impossible
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	118	17
Reject	378	145

n: 658

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Method in political philosophy: ideal theory
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	44	51
Reject	135	314

n: 544

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Gender categories: preserve
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	47	82
Reject	104	448

n: 681

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Gender: social
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	297	76
Reject	263	152

n: 788

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Knowledge claims: invariantism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	72	261
Reject	154	244

n: 731

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Semantic content: radical contextualism (most or all)
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	96
Reject	135	306

n: 555

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Logic: classical
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	106	29
Reject	331	202

n: 668

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	61	205
Reject	124	223

n: 613

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Semantic content: moderate contextualism (intermediate)
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	110	121
Reject	202	122

n: 555

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Method in political philosophy: ideal theory
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	64	200
Reject	115	165

n: 544

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Aesthetic experience: pleasure
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	26	68
Reject	48	330

n: 472

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Truth: epistemic
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	8	142
Reject	85	547

n: 782

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Other minds: plants
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	45	296
Reject	19	397

n: 757

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Justification: coherentism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	92	176
Reject	75	273

n: 616

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	True contradictions: actual
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	9	126
Reject	84	439

n: 658

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Truth: correspondence
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	163	177
Reject	284	160

n: 784

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Gender categories: preserve
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	261
Reject	97	269

n: 681

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Aim of philosophy: truth/knowledge
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	146	235
Reject	256	198

n: 835

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Rational disagreement: non-permissivism
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	44	89
Reject	89	477

n: 699

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	45	122
Reject	30	224

n: 421

p: 0.0004

r: -0.17	Gender: social
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	78	61
Reject	482	167

n: 788

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Race: social
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	75	60
Reject	486	170

n: 791

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Gender: biological
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	102	266
Reject	167	247

n: 782

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Politics: capitalism
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	57	69
Reject	183	378

n: 687

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	226	162
Reject	345	124

n: 857

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	51	69
Reject	134	359

n: 613

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Logic: classical
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	157	116
Reject	280	115

n: 668

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Knowledge claims: contextualism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	223	111
Reject	194	206

n: 734

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Vagueness: metaphysical
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	92	225
Reject	72	345

n: 734

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Aim of philosophy: goodness/justice
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	132	247
Reject	95	339

n: 813

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Propositions: nonexistent
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	51	165
Reject	53	283

n: 552

p: 0.0002

r: 0.16	Properties: immanent universals
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	59	147
Reject	58	256

n: 520

p: 0.0003

r: -0.16	Method in history of philosophy: analytic/rational reconstruction
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	169	122
Reject	251	103

n: 645

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Gender: biological
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	69	72
Reject	200	441

n: 782

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Morality: constructivism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	96	216
Reject	73	324

n: 709

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Method in history of philosophy: analytic/rational reconstruction
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	84	38
Reject	336	187

n: 645

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Justification: coherentism
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	103
Reject	150	346

n: 616

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Law: legal positivism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	68	136
Reject	117	140

n: 461

p: 0.0016

r: -0.15	Aim of philosophy: goodness/justice
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	26	127
Reject	201	459

n: 813

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Practical reason: Aristotelian
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	138	148
Reject	121	208

n: 615

p: 0.0003

r: 0.14	Arguments for theism: pragmatic
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	81	209
Reject	42	307

n: 639

p: 0.0003

r: -0.14	Other minds: plants
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	7	135
Reject	57	558

n: 757

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Philosophical methods: formal philosophy
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	220	182
Reject	313	154

n: 869

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Response to external-world skepticism: abductive
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	50	215
Reject	107	266

n: 638

p: 0.0004

r: -0.14	Moral principles: moral generalism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	155	149
Reject	230	137

n: 671

p: 0.0004

r: -0.14	Interlevel metaphysics: realization
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	23	85
Reject	107	279

n: 494

p: 0.0023

r: 0.14	Properties: nonexistent
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	78
Reject	32	384

n: 518

p: 0.0018

r: -0.14	Propositions: nonexistent
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	16	94
Reject	88	354

n: 552

p: 0.0014

r: -0.14	Aim of philosophy: wisdom
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	38	116
Reject	262	397

n: 813

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Properties: immanent universals
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	83
Reject	98	320

n: 520

p: 0.002

r: -0.13	Eating animals and animal products: omnivorism (yes and yes)
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	185	209
Reject	268	195

n: 857

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Normative ethics: virtue ethics
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	185	177
Reject	150	284

n: 796

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Aim of philosophy: wisdom
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	164	211
Reject	136	302

n: 813

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Arguments for theism: design
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	83
Reject	104	429

n: 648

p: 0.0007

r: 0.13	Moral principles: moral generalism
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	78	37
Reject	307	249

n: 671

p: 0.0006

r: 0.13	Knowledge claims: invariantism
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	56	79
Reject	170	426

n: 731

p: 0.0004

r: 0.13	Philosophical knowledge: none
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	321
Reject	10	409

n: 761

p: 0.0003

r: 0.13	Aim of philosophy: truth/knowledge
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	93	68
Reject	309	365

n: 835

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Aesthetic experience: perception
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	22	72
Reject	129	249

n: 472

p: 0.0045

r: 0.13	Propositions: acts
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	29	188
Reject	25	311

n: 553

p: 0.0021

r: 0.13	Eating animals and animal products: veganism (no and no)
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	101	293
Reject	75	386

n: 855

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosophical progress: none
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	360
Reject	6	474

n: 864

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Sleeping beauty: one-third
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	81
Reject	65	123

n: 303

p: 0.0249

r: 0.13	Truth: correspondence
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	100	52
Reject	347	285

n: 784

p: 0.0003

r: 0.13	Science: scientific realism
Values in science: can be either	Accept	Reject
Accept	229	46
Reject	416	135

n: 826

p: 0.0002

r: -0.13	Arguments for theism: pragmatic
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	9	104
Reject	114	412

n: 639

p: 0.0013

r: -0.13	Response to external-world skepticism: pragmatic
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	23	102
Reject	147	371

n: 643

p: 0.0013

r: 0.13	Epistemic justification: internalism
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	73	74
Reject	235	391

n: 773

p: 0.0004

r: -0.13	Political philosophy: libertarianism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	35	288
Reject	83	300

n: 706

p: 0.0008

r: 0.13	Metaontology: anti-realism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	38	168
Reject	30	254

n: 490

p: 0.0051

r: -0.13	Wittgenstein: early
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	60	230
Reject	121	251

n: 662

p: 0.0011

r: -0.12	Laws of nature: Humean
Values in science: can be either	Accept	Reject
Accept	64	191
Reject	195	343

n: 793

p: 0.0004

r: 0.12	Wittgenstein: early
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	52	74
Reject	129	407

n: 662

p: 0.0013

r: -0.12	Vagueness: semantic
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	155	168
Reject	254	165

n: 742

p: 0.0007

r: 0.12	Propositional attitudes: representational
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	68	39
Reject	223	233

n: 563

p: 0.0032

r: 0.12	Possible worlds: concrete
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	23	296
Reject	17	402

n: 738

p: 0.0007

r: -0.12	Vagueness: metaphysical
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	122
Reject	147	448

n: 734

p: 0.0008

r: -0.12	Concepts: nativism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	72	178
Reject	117	205

n: 572

p: 0.0031

r: -0.12	Gender categories: revise
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Accept	Reject
Accept	55	75
Reject	322	231

n: 683

p: 0.0013

r: 0.12	Semantic content: moderate contextualism (intermediate)
Values in science: can be either	Accept	Reject
Accept	120	69
Reject	192	174

n: 555

p: 0.0037

r: 0.12	Properties: classes
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	29	177
Reject	37	276

n: 519

p: 0.005

r: -0.12	External world: non-skeptical realism
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	311	68
Reject	424	56

n: 859

p: 0.0003

r: 0.12	Law: legal positivism
Values in science: can be either	Accept	Reject
Accept	72	79
Reject	113	197

n: 461

p: 0.0086

r: 0.12	Other minds: current AI systems
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	323
Reject	12	404

n: 757

p: 0.0008

r: 0.12	Response to external-world skepticism: dogmatist
Values in science: can be either	Accept	Reject
Accept	39	179
Reject	58	360

n: 636

p: 0.0022

Strongest correlations with demographic questions (target population)

r: -0.21	Philosopher: Russell
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	5	325
Reject	43	331

n: 704

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Tradition: Analytic
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	321	93
Reject	446	37

n: 897

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Philosopher: Russell
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Yes	No
Accept	21	98
Reject	27	558

n: 704

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Tradition: Analytic
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Yes	No
Accept	153	11
Reject	614	119

n: 897

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Tradition: Other tradition
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	62	352
Reject	24	459

n: 897

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Tradition: Other tradition
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Yes	No
Accept	5	159
Reject	81	652

n: 897

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Philosopher: Dewey
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	20	310
Reject	4	370

n: 704

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Philosopher: Beauvoir
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	11	319
Reject	0	374

n: 704

p: 0.0002

r: -0.14	Region of PhD: United Kingdom
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	24	292
Reject	56	292

n: 664

p: 0.0003

r: -0.14	Gender: male
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	314	95
Reject	418	68

n: 895

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Tradition: Analytic
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	263	25
Reject	506	105

n: 899

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	AOS: Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	21	397
Reject	5	484

n: 907

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Lewis
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Yes	No
Accept	22	97
Reject	50	535

n: 704

p: 0.0003

r: 0.13	Gender: female
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	94	315
Reject	68	418

n: 895

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	53	365
Reject	109	380

n: 907

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	AOS: Feminist Philosophy
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	34	384
Reject	12	477

n: 907

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Philosopher: Descartes
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Yes	No
Accept	12	107
Reject	18	567

n: 704

p: 0.0013

r: 0.12	Tradition: Continental
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	31	383
Reject	13	470

n: 897

p: 0.0004

r: 0.11	AOS: Applied Ethics
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	75	343
Reject	47	442

n: 907

p: 0.0006

r: 0.11	Other demographics: YOB
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	201	184
Reject	202	264

n: 851

p: 0.0012

r: -0.11	AOS: Feminist Philosophy
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	6	286
Reject	40	577

n: 909

p: 0.001

r: 0.11	Region of PhD: United Kingdom
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	36	175
Reject	44	410

n: 665

p: 0.0065

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Marx
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	21	309
Reject	11	363

n: 704

p: 0.0052

r: 0.1	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	27	391
Reject	13	476

n: 907

p: 0.0017

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Merleau-Ponty
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	11	319
Reject	2	372

n: 704

p: 0.0064

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Foucault
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	11	319
Reject	2	372

n: 704

p: 0.0064

r: -0.1	Tradition: Continental
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	6	282
Reject	38	573

n: 899

p: 0.0022

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Hegel
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	17	313
Reject	5	369

n: 704

p: 0.0079

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Moore
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	13	220
Reject	9	464

n: 706

p: 0.0079

r: -0.1	Region of nationality: United Kingdom
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	27	368
Reject	53	415

n: 863

p: 0.0039

r: 0.1	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	65	227
Reject	97	520

n: 909

p: 0.0032

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Frege
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	18	312
Reject	37	337

n: 704

p: 0.0119

r: 0.09	Region of PhD: United States
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	232	84
Reject	225	123

n: 664

p: 0.0175

r: -0.09	AOS: Metaphysics
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	79	339
Reject	133	356

n: 907

p: 0.0059

r: 0.09	AOS: Philosophy of the Americas
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	5	413
Reject	0	489

n: 907

p: 0.0073

r: -0.09	Tradition: Other tradition
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	19	269
Reject	67	544

n: 899

p: 0.008

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Marx
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	6	227
Reject	26	447

n: 706

p: 0.0191

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Lewis
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	22	308
Reject	50	324

n: 704

p: 0.0195

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Descartes
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	8	322
Reject	22	352

n: 704

p: 0.0219

r: -0.09	Region of affiliation: Canada
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	13	285
Reject	44	575

n: 917

p: 0.0091

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Quine
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	25	305
Reject	45	329

n: 704

p: 0.0227

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Husserl
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	11	319
Reject	3	371

n: 704

p: 0.0233

r: -0.08	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	34	258
Reject	94	523

n: 909

p: 0.0105

r: -0.08	AOS: Decision Theory
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	8	410
Reject	22	467

n: 907

p: 0.0109

r: 0.08	Gender: male
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Yes	No
Accept	145	21
Reject	587	142

n: 895

p: 0.012

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Moore
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	5	325
Reject	17	357

n: 704

p: 0.0272

r: 0.08	Region of nationality: Canada
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	42	353
Reject	26	442

n: 863

p: 0.0157

r: -0.08	Gender: female
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Yes	No
Accept	21	145
Reject	141	588

n: 895

p: 0.0148

r: 0.08	Gender: male
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	249	41
Reject	484	123

n: 897

p: 0.0147

r: 0.08	AOS: Metaphysics
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	82	210
Reject	132	485

n: 909

p: 0.0151

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Frege
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Yes	No
Accept	16	103
Reject	39	546

n: 704

p: 0.0328

r: -0.08	Region of nationality: Canada
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	16	265
Reject	52	532

n: 865

p: 0.019

r: 0.08	Region of affiliation: Canada
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	35	382
Reject	22	476

n: 915

p: 0.016

r: -0.08	Gender: female
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	41	249
Reject	122	485

n: 897

p: 0.0185

r: 0.08	AOS: Social and Political Philosophy
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	76	342
Reject	61	428

n: 907

p: 0.0192

r: -0.08	AOS: Philosophy of Mind
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	71	347
Reject	108	381

n: 907

p: 0.0194

r: -0.08	AOS: Social and Political Philosophy
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Yes	No
Accept	17	150
Reject	120	620

n: 907

p: 0.0226

r: -0.08	AOS: Applied Ethics
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	29	263
Reject	93	524

n: 909

p: 0.0233

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Aquinas
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	22	308
Reject	13	361

n: 704

p: 0.0476

r: -0.07	Region of affiliation: United Kingdom
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	36	381
Reject	62	436

n: 915

p: 0.0273

r: -0.07	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Values in science: can be either	Yes	No
Accept	8	284
Reject	32	585

n: 909

p: 0.0306

r: -0.07	AOS: Logic and Philosophy of Logic
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	31	387
Reject	53	436

n: 907

p: 0.0325

r: 0.07	Region of affiliation: United States
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	254	163
Reject	271	227

n: 915

p: 0.0341

r: 0.07	AOS: Logic and Philosophy of Logic
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Yes	No
Accept	22	145
Reject	62	678

n: 907

p: 0.0358

r: -0.07	AOS: 20th Century Philosophy
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Yes	No
Accept	7	160
Reject	55	685

n: 907

p: 0.0371

r: -0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Biology
Values in science: necessarily value-free	Yes	No
Accept	7	160
Reject	39	701

n: 907

p: 0.0384

r: -0.07	Region of affiliation: Asia
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	9	408
Reject	22	476

n: 915

p: 0.0386

r: -0.07	AOS: Epistemology
Values in science: necessarily value-laden	Yes	No
Accept	100	318
Reject	151	338

n: 907

p: 0.0456