Survey Results

Practical reason: Aristotelian, Kantian, or Humean?

Population

AOS

Region

for

Exclude answers beyond respondent's first 50

Include skip/insufficiently familiar answers

888 respondents

What the percentages mean: "Accept or lean toward P: 50% (40%)" means that 50% of respondents endorsed this answer inclusively (including multiple-answer endorsements) and 40% endorsed this answer exclusively (excluding multiple-answer endorsements).

These results should not be used for comparison to 2009 results due to different populations and parameters. For meaningful longitudinal comparisons, see the longitudinal analysis section.

Collapse accept and lean towards

Accept or lean towards:
Aristotelian

38.74% (34.35%)

Reject or lean against:
Aristotelian

0.56% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
Humean

30.63% (28.27%)

Reject or lean against:
Humean

2.59% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
Kantian

18.92% (15.88%)

Reject or lean against:
Kantian

1.69% (0.00%)

Accept a combination of views

5.41%

Accept an alternative view

2.03%

The question is too unclear to answer

5.18%

There is no fact of the matter

0.23%

Agnostic/undecided

7.88%

Other

0.79%

N = 888, excluding skipped & insufficiently familiar (249 respondents)

Most popular option combinations

Options	Number of responses	% of responses
Accept or lean towards: Aristotelian Accept or lean towards: Kantian	19	2.14%
Accept or lean towards: Aristotelian Accept or lean towards: Humean	13	1.46%
Accept or lean towards: Aristotelian Accept or lean towards: Humean Accept or lean towards: Kantian	7	0.79%
Accept or lean towards: Kantian	1	0.11%
Accept or lean towards: Humean	1	0.11%

Alternative Views

29 target respondents indicated that they accept or lean toward an alternative view. The words used in their responses cluster as follows. These results are not filtered by AOS, region, etc.

HEGE (4): hegel (2) hegelian (1) hegelian-jamesian (1)
SPIN (3): spinozism (2) spinozist (1)
SKEP (3): skepticism (2) skeptic (1)
CONS (3): consequentialism (1) constitutivist (1) constrained (1)

Longitudinal comparison to 2009 survey

This question was not in the 2009 survey

Strongest correlations with main questions (target population)

r: 0.5	Normative ethics: virtue ethics
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	225	84
Reject	91	316

n: 716

p < 0.0001

r: 0.5	Normative ethics: deontology
Practical reason: Kantian	Accept	Reject
Accept	121	32
Reject	146	410

n: 709

p < 0.0001

r: 0.49	Normative ethics: consequentialism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	151	78
Reject	114	369

n: 712

p < 0.0001

r: -0.47	Meaning of life: objective
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	33	183
Reject	250	195

n: 661

p < 0.0001

r: -0.4	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	114	135
Reject	394	100

n: 743

p < 0.0001

r: -0.4	Well-being: objective list
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	75	125
Reject	278	115

n: 593

p < 0.0001

r: 0.39	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	186	42
Reject	191	237

n: 656

p < 0.0001

r: 0.37	Laws of nature: Humean
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	134	101
Reject	110	348

n: 693

p < 0.0001

r: -0.37	Aesthetic value: objective
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	75	163
Reject	305	165

n: 708

p < 0.0001

r: 0.37	Meaning of life: objective
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	174	112
Reject	110	266

n: 662

p < 0.0001

r: 0.35	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	67	131
Reject	25	265

n: 488

p < 0.0001

r: 0.35	Knowledge: empiricism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	171	54
Reject	197	211

n: 633

p < 0.0001

r: -0.34	God: theism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	242
Reject	152	338

n: 751

p < 0.0001

r: 0.33	Mind: physicalism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	198	58
Reject	215	258

n: 729

p < 0.0001

r: 0.33	Well-being: objective list
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	183	58
Reject	170	181

n: 592

p < 0.0001

r: -0.32	Free will: libertarianism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	233
Reject	153	354

n: 757

p < 0.0001

r: 0.32	Political philosophy: communitarianism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	135	142
Reject	77	301

n: 655

p < 0.0001

r: -0.31	Time: A-theory
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	27	133
Reject	127	182

n: 469

p < 0.0001

r: 0.31	Belief or credence: credence
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	90	84
Reject	70	239

n: 483

p < 0.0001

r: -0.31	Mind uploading: survival
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	46	211
Reject	135	203

n: 595

p < 0.0001

r: 0.31	Aesthetic value: objective
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	199	95
Reject	181	233

n: 708

p < 0.0001

r: -0.3	Moral judgment: cognitivism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	142	102
Reject	397	97

n: 738

p < 0.0001

r: 0.3	Temporal ontology: eternalism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	77	67
Reject	90	198

n: 432

p < 0.0001

r: 0.3	God: theism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	114	199
Reject	57	382

n: 752

p < 0.0001

r: -0.3	Laws of nature: Humean
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	67	229
Reject	176	222

n: 694

p < 0.0001

r: -0.29	Belief or credence: belief
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	140
Reject	129	180

n: 483

p < 0.0001

r: 0.29	Law: legal positivism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	83	61
Reject	96	188

n: 428

p < 0.0001

r: -0.29	Knowledge: empiricism
Practical reason: Kantian	Accept	Reject
Accept	46	91
Reject	317	176

n: 630

p < 0.0001

r: -0.29	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	55	146
Reject	185	203

n: 589

p < 0.0001

r: -0.28	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	7	163
Reject	85	234

n: 489

p < 0.0001

r: 0.28	Well-being: desire satisfaction
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	70	132
Reject	54	339

n: 595

p < 0.0001

r: 0.28	Other minds: future AI systems
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	124	97
Reject	139	299

n: 659

p < 0.0001

r: -0.27	Normative ethics: consequentialism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	76	230
Reject	188	218

n: 712

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Footbridge: push
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	91	148
Reject	100	364

n: 703

p < 0.0001

r: -0.27	Normative ethics: virtue ethics
Practical reason: Kantian	Accept	Reject
Accept	42	110
Reject	271	290

n: 713

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Abortion: permissible
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	208	78
Reject	353	39

n: 678

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Consciousness: functionalism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	105	102
Reject	110	269

n: 586

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Method in political philosophy: ideal theory
Practical reason: Kantian	Accept	Reject
Accept	61	43
Reject	115	276

n: 495

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Morality: non-naturalism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	201
Reject	149	273

n: 644

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Units of selection: genes
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	67	112
Reject	132	102

n: 413

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Mind: physicalism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	123	173
Reject	290	144

n: 730

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Time: A-theory
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	91	102
Reject	63	212

n: 468

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Moral principles: moral generalism
Practical reason: Kantian	Accept	Reject
Accept	107	25
Reject	250	232

n: 614

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Time travel: metaphysically possible
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	108	82
Reject	140	244

n: 574

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Consciousness: dualism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	29	177
Reject	122	256

n: 584

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Morality: expressivism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	171
Reject	28	393

n: 646

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Units of selection: genes
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	92	53
Reject	107	160

n: 412

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	248	68
Reject	260	168

n: 744

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Morality: error theory
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	195
Reject	11	409

n: 643

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Normative ethics: virtue ethics
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	65	164
Reject	250	237

n: 716

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	198	64
Reject	290	219

n: 771

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Other minds: future AI systems
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	82	198
Reject	180	198

n: 658

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Abortion: permissible
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	212	15
Reject	348	102

n: 677

p < 0.0001

r: -0.24	Political philosophy: egalitarianism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	105	172
Reject	228	151

n: 656

p < 0.0001

r: -0.24	Well-being: desire satisfaction
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	33	208
Reject	91	262

n: 594

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Aim of philosophy: wisdom
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	169	152
Reject	102	300

n: 723

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Causation: counterfactual/difference-making
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	99	84
Reject	104	234

n: 521

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Mind uploading: survival
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	82	113
Reject	100	301

n: 596

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Meaning of life: subjective
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	116	100
Reject	145	299

n: 660

p < 0.0001

r: -0.24	Temporal ontology: presentism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	126
Reject	81	207

n: 432

p < 0.0001

r: -0.24	Abstract objects: Platonism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	60	174
Reject	224	215

n: 673

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Well-being: hedonism/experientialism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	46	156
Reject	41	350

n: 593

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Meaning of life: nonexistent
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	68	148
Reject	65	373

n: 654

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Moral principles: moral generalism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	119	132
Reject	240	126

n: 617

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Experience machine: yes
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	66	184
Reject	51	433

n: 734

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Law: legal positivism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	52	118
Reject	126	131

n: 427

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Material composition: restrictivism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	27	69
Reject	100	114

n: 310

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Human genetic engineering: permissible
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	172	37
Reject	262	153

n: 624

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Temporal ontology: eternalism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	56	132
Reject	110	134

n: 432

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Human genetic engineering: permissible
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	157	103
Reject	276	87

n: 623

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Chinese room: understands
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	60	136
Reject	68	343

n: 607

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Material composition: restrictivism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	66	70
Reject	61	112

n: 309

p: 0.0002

r: 0.21	Free will: libertarianism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	105	212
Reject	65	375

n: 757

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	133	149
Reject	244	130

n: 656

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Free will: no free will
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	198
Reject	34	473

n: 759

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Meaning of life: nonexistent
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	38	246
Reject	96	275

n: 655

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Material composition: universalism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	45	51
Reject	58	156

n: 310

p: 0.0002

r: 0.21	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	126	125
Reject	113	225

n: 589

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Personal identity: psychological view
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	124	146
Reject	221	156

n: 647

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Abstract objects: Platonism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	144	124
Reject	139	266

n: 673

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Material composition: universalism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	104
Reject	70	103

n: 309

p: 0.0004

r: -0.2	Propositional attitudes: representational
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	76	124
Reject	164	125

n: 489

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Kant: one world
Practical reason: Kantian	Accept	Reject
Accept	79	36
Reject	152	187

n: 454

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Arguments for theism: moral
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	5	170
Reject	63	313

n: 551

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Well-being: hedonism/experientialism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	20	219
Reject	66	287

n: 592

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Hume: skeptic
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	55	133
Reject	167	216

n: 571

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Belief or credence: credence
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	46	150
Reject	114	172

n: 482

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	116
Reject	63	255

n: 488

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Normative concepts: value
Practical reason: Kantian	Accept	Reject
Accept	38	75
Reject	202	231

n: 546

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Time travel: metaphysically possible
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	87	157
Reject	160	169

n: 573

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Properties: classes
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	118
Reject	27	269

n: 442

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	External world: skepticism
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	29	223
Reject	21	484

n: 757

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Experience machine: yes
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	30	273
Reject	87	344

n: 734

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Causation: counterfactual/difference-making
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	61	150
Reject	141	168

n: 520

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Personal identity: psychological view
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	138	87
Reject	207	215

n: 647

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Belief or credence: belief
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	82	114
Reject	81	205

n: 482

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Trolley problem: switch
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	203	36
Reject	315	123

n: 677

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Consciousness: dualism
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Accept	Reject
Accept	76	157
Reject	75	276

n: 584

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Belief or credence: belief
Practical reason: Kantian	Accept	Reject
Accept	39	45
Reject	123	272

n: 479

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Normative ethics: deontology
Practical reason: Humean	Accept	Reject
Accept	48	181
Reject	218	265

n: 712

p < 0.0001

Strongest correlations with demographic questions (target population)

r: 0.55	Philosopher: Kant
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	78	58
Reject	27	476

n: 639

p < 0.0001

r: 0.49	Philosopher: Hume
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	93	113
Reject	27	408

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: 0.43	Philosopher: Aristotle
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	124	164
Reject	25	328

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: -0.31	Philosopher: Hume
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	19	269
Reject	101	252

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: 0.3	Philosopher: Aquinas
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	37	251
Reject	1	352

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: -0.3	Philosopher: Aristotle
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	18	188
Reject	131	304

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	AOS: Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	32	306
Reject	0	460

n: 798

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	AOS: Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	49	289
Reject	7	453

n: 798

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Philosopher: Kant
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	10	196
Reject	94	341

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Philosopher: Kant
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	25	263
Reject	79	274

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Tradition: Analytic
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	245	16
Reject	422	101

n: 784

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Philosopher: Aristotle
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	17	119
Reject	131	372

n: 639

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	AOS: Decision Theory
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	22	244
Reject	5	526

n: 797

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Philosopher: Rawls
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	21	115
Reject	17	486

n: 639

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Tradition: Other tradition
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	8	253
Reject	68	455

n: 784

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Philosopher: Hume
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	7	129
Reject	112	391

n: 639

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Philosopher: Anscombe
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	19	269
Reject	4	349

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Philosopher: Plato
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	31	257
Reject	10	343

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Region of PhD: Oceania
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	21	192
Reject	9	370

n: 592

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Philosopher: Carnap
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	27	179
Reject	13	422

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Philosopher: Hobbes
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	8	198
Reject	2	433

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Philosopher: Lewis
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	31	175
Reject	28	407

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Tradition: Analytic
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	259	72
Reject	407	46

n: 784

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	AOS: 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	33	132
Reject	56	574

n: 795

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	47	291
Reject	24	436

n: 798

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	AOS: Philosophy of Social Science
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	20	246
Reject	13	518

n: 797

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	39	227
Reject	31	500

n: 797

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Tradition: Other tradition
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	49	282
Reject	27	426

n: 784

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Philosopher: Mill
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	21	185
Reject	15	420

n: 641

p: 0.0005

r: -0.13	Philosopher: Lewis
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	13	275
Reject	45	308

n: 641

p: 0.0008

r: -0.13	AOS: Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	5	160
Reject	51	579

n: 795

p: 0.0003

r: -0.13	Philosopher: Carnap
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	8	280
Reject	32	321

n: 641

p: 0.0012

r: 0.12	Region of nationality: Oceania
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	25	237
Reject	18	489

n: 769

p: 0.0006

r: -0.12	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	13	253
Reject	58	473

n: 797

p: 0.0007

r: 0.11	AOS: Metaphysics
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	86	252
Reject	74	386

n: 798

p: 0.0015

r: -0.11	AOS: Metaphysics
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	17	148
Reject	143	487

n: 795

p: 0.0016

r: -0.11	AOS: Philosophy of Social Science
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	8	330
Reject	25	435

n: 798

p: 0.0021

r: -0.11	AOS: Normative Ethics
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	51	215
Reject	140	391

n: 797

p: 0.0023

r: 0.1	AOS: Philosophy of Biology
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	18	248
Reject	14	517

n: 797

p: 0.0032

r: 0.1	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	36	230
Reject	44	487

n: 797

p: 0.0032

r: -0.1	Philosopher: Rawls
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	8	280
Reject	30	323

n: 641

p: 0.0092

r: 0.1	AOS: Normative Ethics
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	58	107
Reject	132	498

n: 795

p: 0.0038

r: -0.1	Philosopher: Mill
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	7	281
Reject	28	325

n: 641

p: 0.0095

r: 0.1	Other demographics: YOB
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	78	79
Reject	269	337

n: 763

p: 0.0054

r: -0.1	Tradition: Continental
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	8	253
Reject	33	490

n: 784

p: 0.0049

r: -0.1	Region of PhD: Oceania
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	7	235
Reject	24	328

n: 594

p: 0.0155

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Quine
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	24	182
Reject	29	406

n: 641

p: 0.0122

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Husserl
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	12	276
Reject	3	350

n: 641

p: 0.014

r: 0.1	Region of nationality: Europe
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	40	116
Reject	112	500

n: 768

p: 0.008

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Hegel
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	8	128
Reject	10	493

n: 639

p: 0.0158

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Merleau-Ponty
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	9	279
Reject	2	351

n: 641

p: 0.0159

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Heidegger
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	11	277
Reject	3	350

n: 641

p: 0.019

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Wittgenstein
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	43	245
Reject	25	328

n: 641

p: 0.0208

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Arendt
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	5	131
Reject	5	498

n: 639

p: 0.0214

r: -0.09	AOS: 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	30	308
Reject	58	402

n: 798

p: 0.0115

r: 0.09	Region of affiliation: Europe
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	34	132
Reject	92	541

n: 799

p: 0.0115

r: -0.09	AOS: Epistemology
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	72	266
Reject	128	332

n: 798

p: 0.0136

r: -0.09	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	7	259
Reject	32	499

n: 797

p: 0.014

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Russell
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	17	189
Reject	18	417

n: 641

p: 0.0296

r: 0.09	AOS: Philosophy of Action
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	39	299
Reject	29	431

n: 798

p: 0.0155

r: -0.08	Region of affiliation: United States
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	86	80
Reject	371	262

n: 799

p: 0.0194

r: 0.08	AOS: Epistemology
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	74	192
Reject	125	406

n: 797

p: 0.0208

r: 0.08	AOS: Social and Political Philosophy
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	43	122
Reject	98	532

n: 795

p: 0.0211

r: 0.08	AOS: Philosophy of Law
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	9	156
Reject	15	615

n: 795

p: 0.023

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Socrates
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	15	273
Reject	8	345

n: 641

p: 0.043

r: -0.08	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	24	314
Reject	56	404

n: 798

p: 0.0242

r: -0.08	Region of nationality: Oceania
Practical reason: Aristotelian	Yes	No
Accept	14	310
Reject	30	416

n: 770

p: 0.0274

r: 0.08	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	13	152
Reject	27	603

n: 795

p: 0.0314

r: 0.07	AOS: 19th Century Philosophy
Practical reason: Kantian	Yes	No
Accept	12	153
Reject	23	607

n: 795

p: 0.036

r: -0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Action
Practical reason: Humean	Yes	No
Accept	16	250
Reject	52	479

n: 797

p: 0.0419