Survey Results

Cosmological fine-tuning (what explains it?): brute fact, design, no fine-tuning, or multiverse?

Population

AOS

Region

for

Exclude answers beyond respondent's first 50

Include skip/insufficiently familiar answers

807 respondents

What the percentages mean: "Accept or lean toward P: 50% (40%)" means that 50% of respondents endorsed this answer inclusively (including multiple-answer endorsements) and 40% endorsed this answer exclusively (excluding multiple-answer endorsements).

These results should not be used for comparison to 2009 results due to different populations and parameters. For meaningful longitudinal comparisons, see the longitudinal analysis section.

Collapse accept and lean towards

Accept or lean towards:
design

17.35% (15.61%)

Reject or lean against:
design

2.97% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
multiverse

15.12% (12.39%)

Reject or lean against:
multiverse

1.24% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
brute fact

32.09% (29.12%)

Reject or lean against:
brute fact

1.24% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
no fine-tuning

21.69% (19.45%)

Reject or lean against:
no fine-tuning

1.49% (0.00%)

Accept a combination of views

5.58%

Accept an alternative view

1.73%

The question is too unclear to answer

2.23%

There is no fact of the matter

1.24%

Agnostic/undecided

12.14%

Other

0.50%

N = 807, excluding skipped & insufficiently familiar (338 respondents)

Most popular option combinations

Options	Number of responses	% of responses
Accept or lean towards: brute fact Accept or lean towards: no fine-tuning	8	0.99%
Accept or lean towards: multiverse Accept or lean towards: brute fact	8	0.99%
Accept or lean towards: design Accept or lean towards: multiverse	5	0.62%
Accept or lean towards: multiverse Accept or lean towards: no fine-tuning	4	0.50%
Accept or lean towards: design Accept or lean towards: brute fact	4	0.50%

Longitudinal comparison to 2009 survey

This question was not in the 2009 survey

Strongest correlations with main questions (target population)

r: 0.72	God: theism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	124	11
Reject	54	519

n: 708

p < 0.0001

r: -0.68	Abortion: permissible
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	30	92
Reject	466	41

n: 629

p < 0.0001

r: 0.55	Meaning of life: objective
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	122	10
Reject	145	332

n: 609

p < 0.0001

r: -0.51	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	12	107
Reject	341	159

n: 619

p < 0.0001

r: 0.5	Consciousness: dualism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	84	29
Reject	77	388

n: 578

p < 0.0001

r: -0.5	Mind: physicalism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	13	116
Reject	383	179

n: 691

p < 0.0001

r: 0.5	Free will: libertarianism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	89	46
Reject	80	501

n: 716

p < 0.0001

r: 0.46	Quantum mechanics: many-worlds
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	47	31
Reject	27	272

n: 377

p < 0.0001

r: 0.4	Morality: non-naturalism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	82	40
Reject	108	362

n: 592

p < 0.0001

r: 0.38	Gender categories: preserve
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	62	42
Reject	76	356

n: 536

p < 0.0001

r: 0.36	Immortality: yes
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	108	21
Reject	225	271

n: 625

p < 0.0001

r: 0.36	Personal identity: further-fact view
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	60	57
Reject	68	412

n: 597

p < 0.0001

r: -0.35	God: theism
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	226
Reject	158	304

n: 707

p < 0.0001

r: 0.35	Aesthetic value: objective
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	113	20
Reject	218	297

n: 648

p < 0.0001

r: 0.35	Practical reason: Aristotelian
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	67	25
Reject	131	265

n: 488

p < 0.0001

r: -0.35	Meaning of life: subjective
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	13	119
Reject	207	272

n: 611

p < 0.0001

r: 0.35	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	132	6
Reject	362	204

n: 704

p < 0.0001

r: -0.34	Human genetic engineering: permissible
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	47	56
Reject	383	103

n: 589

p < 0.0001

r: -0.34	Free will: compatibilism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	39	97
Reject	403	179

n: 718

p < 0.0001

r: 0.33	Arguments for theism: cosmological
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	69	53
Reject	95	339

n: 556

p < 0.0001

r: 0.33	Abortion: permissible
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	194	13
Reject	301	119

n: 627

p < 0.0001

r: -0.33	Consciousness: functionalism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	8	105
Reject	206	259

n: 578

p < 0.0001

r: -0.32	Personal identity: psychological view
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	22	96
Reject	271	211

n: 600

p < 0.0001

r: 0.31	Well-being: objective list
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	94	11
Reject	226	207

n: 538

p < 0.0001

r: -0.3	Other minds: future AI systems
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	96
Reject	247	268

n: 635

p < 0.0001

r: 0.3	Interlevel metaphysics: grounding
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	35
Reject	99	253

n: 441

p < 0.0001

r: -0.29	Footbridge: push
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	121
Reject	173	366

n: 671

p < 0.0001

r: 0.29	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	79	44
Reject	140	328

n: 591

p < 0.0001

r: -0.28	God: theism
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	13	147
Reject	163	381

n: 704

p < 0.0001

r: 0.28	Politics: capitalism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	73	36
Reject	157	298

n: 564

p < 0.0001

r: 0.28	Propositions: sets
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	67
Reject	30	356

n: 472

p < 0.0001

r: -0.28	Practical reason: Humean
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	7	85
Reject	163	234

n: 489

p < 0.0001

r: -0.28	Laws of nature: Humean
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	12	114
Reject	194	358

n: 678

p < 0.0001

r: -0.28	Normative ethics: consequentialism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	105
Reject	232	300

n: 656

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Mind uploading: survival
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	53	41
Reject	125	368

n: 587

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Moral judgment: cognitivism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	129	7
Reject	396	156

n: 688

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	64	17
Reject	137	196

n: 414

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Causation: primitive
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	46	56
Reject	76	345

n: 523

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Truth: correspondence
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	111	19
Reject	299	235

n: 664

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Abortion: permissible
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	142	10
Reject	353	121

n: 626

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Abstract objects: Platonism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	83	35
Reject	220	308

n: 646

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Possible worlds: concrete
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	22	79
Reject	13	498

n: 612

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Meaning of life: objective
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	60	147
Reject	206	195

n: 608

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Knowledge: empiricism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	36	74
Reject	282	186

n: 578

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Hard problem of consciousness: yes
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	97	18
Reject	306	182

n: 603

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	102	27
Reject	286	294

n: 709

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Material composition: restrictivism
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	16	46
Reject	141	147

n: 350

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Law: legal positivism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	57
Reject	134	158

n: 363

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Truth: deflationary
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	119
Reject	169	364

n: 663

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Other minds: future AI systems
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	71	35
Reject	199	330

n: 635

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Gender: biological
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	69	51
Reject	162	346

n: 628

p < 0.0001

r: -0.24	Mind uploading: survival
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	10	108
Reject	167	303

n: 588

p < 0.0001

r: -0.24	Quantum mechanics: collapse
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	8	70
Reject	64	235

n: 377

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Meaning of life: subjective
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	98	111
Reject	123	279

n: 611

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Propositions: simple entities
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	76
Reject	26	347

n: 470

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Gender: social
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	58	60
Reject	361	151

n: 630

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Mind: physicalism
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	173	65
Reject	224	228

n: 690

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Gender categories: revise
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	35	69
Reject	243	191

n: 538

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	50	132
Reject	170	237

n: 589

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Arguments for theism: design
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	52	70
Reject	85	349

n: 556

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Abortion: permissible
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	98	6
Reject	398	126

n: 628

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Free will: libertarianism
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	150
Reject	151	395

n: 713

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	102	44
Reject	251	219

n: 616

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Material composition: nihilism
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	9	53
Reject	23	265

n: 350

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	152	59
Reject	202	205

n: 618

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Political philosophy: egalitarianism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	20	89
Reject	244	215

n: 568

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Immortality: yes
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	88	119
Reject	245	172

n: 624

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Morality: constructivism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	6	116
Reject	110	361

n: 593

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Law: legal positivism
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	63	57
Reject	84	155

n: 359

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	37	70
Reject	163	145

n: 415

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Experience machine: yes
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	5	124
Reject	89	462

n: 680

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Teletransporter: survival
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	97
Reject	233	285

n: 633

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Extended mind: yes
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	69
Reject	248	214

n: 559

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Material composition: restrictivism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	32
Reject	102	160

n: 348

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Free will: compatibilism
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	177	71
Reject	265	205

n: 718

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Consciousness: dualism
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	88
Reject	147	329

n: 578

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Personal identity: psychological view
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	83	46
Reject	211	258

n: 598

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Zombies: metaphysically possible
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	64	65
Reject	148	372

n: 649

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Mind: physicalism
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	114	42
Reject	280	251

n: 687

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Free will: libertarianism
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	214
Reject	136	332

n: 716

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Metaontology: anti-realism
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	86
Reject	32	274

n: 413

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Consciousness: dualism
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	20	115
Reject	141	300

n: 576

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Quantum mechanics: epistemic
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	5	73
Reject	44	254

n: 376

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Concepts: nativism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	48	41
Reject	124	249

n: 462

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Gender categories: preserve
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	27	145
Reject	111	253

n: 536

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	A priori knowledge: yes
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	124	11
Reject	448	131

n: 714

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Consciousness: functionalism
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	67	69
Reject	145	295

n: 576

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	55	52
Reject	118	301

n: 526

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Consciousness: functionalism
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	48
Reject	158	318

n: 578

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Grounds of intentionality: primitive
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	53
Reject	42	307

n: 423

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Belief or credence: credence
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	76
Reject	156	225

n: 474

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Arguments for theism: moral
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	31	88
Reject	33	398

n: 550

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Meaning of life: objective
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	42	92
Reject	223	250

n: 607

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Normative ethics: virtue ethics
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	80	46
Reject	187	345

n: 658

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	God: theism
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Accept	Reject
Accept	13	102
Reject	164	429

n: 708

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Practical reason: Humean
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	63
Reject	116	255

n: 488

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Knowledge claims: invariantism
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	155
Reject	160	244

n: 613

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Possible worlds: nonexistent
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Accept	Reject
Accept	71	84
Reject	126	328

n: 609

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Race categories: preserve
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	84
Reject	31	372

n: 498

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Propositions: acts
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	83
Reject	27	345

n: 469

p < 0.0001

Strongest correlations with demographic questions (target population)

r: 0.48	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	70	66
Reject	28	578

n: 742

p < 0.0001

r: 0.43	Philosopher: Aquinas
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	32	79
Reject	9	455

n: 575

p < 0.0001

r: 0.3	AOS: Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	22	114
Reject	7	599

n: 742

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Yes	No
Accept	13	239
Reject	85	404

n: 741

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Philosopher: Reid
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	13	98
Reject	5	459

n: 575

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Philosopher: Hume
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	5	106
Reject	105	359

n: 575

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Yes	No
Accept	5	116
Reject	93	528

n: 742

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Philosopher: Augustine
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	12	99
Reject	4	460

n: 575

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Yes	No
Accept	11	162
Reject	88	477

n: 738

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Philosopher: Leibniz
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	16	95
Reject	9	455

n: 575

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Philosopher: Lewis
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Yes	No
Accept	25	72
Reject	45	435

n: 577

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Philosopher: Aristotle
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	41	70
Reject	83	381

n: 575

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	AOS: Metaphysics
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	65	71
Reject	153	453

n: 742

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Philosopher: Moore
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	14	97
Reject	12	452

n: 575

p: 0.0002

r: 0.15	Region of nationality: United States
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	97	36
Reject	303	270

n: 706

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Region of PhD: United States
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	89	14
Reject	311	151

n: 565

p: 0.0008

r: -0.13	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	5	131
Reject	72	534

n: 742

p: 0.0003

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Kierkegaard
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	5	106
Reject	4	460

n: 575

p: 0.0013

r: 0.13	Other demographics: YOB
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	80	51
Reject	271	302

n: 704

p: 0.0004

r: -0.13	AOS: Metaphysics
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Yes	No
Accept	34	139
Reject	183	382

n: 738

p: 0.0003

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Hegel
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Yes	No
Accept	10	189
Reject	4	372

n: 575

p: 0.0023

r: 0.12	Philosopher: Hume
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Yes	No
Accept	41	91
Reject	70	373

n: 575

p: 0.0029

r: 0.12	Philosopher: Spinoza
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Yes	No
Accept	7	125
Reject	6	437

n: 575

p: 0.0045

r: -0.11	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	11	125
Reject	91	515

n: 742

p: 0.0018

r: 0.11	Region of affiliation: Europe
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Yes	No
Accept	46	210
Reject	52	439

n: 747

p: 0.0034

r: -0.11	Region of nationality: Europe
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	10	123
Reject	106	467

n: 706

p: 0.0045

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Carnap
Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse	Yes	No
Accept	14	83
Reject	32	448

n: 577

p: 0.0112

r: -0.1	Region of affiliation: United States
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Yes	No
Accept	141	115
Reject	313	178

n: 747

p: 0.0054

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Kant
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Yes	No
Accept	33	166
Reject	43	333

n: 575

p: 0.0148

r: -0.1	Region of nationality: United States
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Yes	No
Accept	116	125
Reject	282	182

n: 705

p: 0.0082

r: 0.1	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Yes	No
Accept	35	138
Reject	85	480

n: 738

p: 0.009

r: -0.09	Region of PhD: United States
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Yes	No
Accept	118	66
Reject	279	100

n: 563

p: 0.0257

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Mill
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Yes	No
Accept	14	185
Reject	12	364

n: 575

p: 0.0282

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Husserl
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	6	105
Reject	8	456

n: 575

p: 0.0288

r: -0.09	Region of PhD: United States
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Yes	No
Accept	98	45
Reject	299	119

n: 561

p: 0.0328

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Descartes
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	9	102
Reject	16	448

n: 575

p: 0.0307

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Putnam
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Yes	No
Accept	13	186
Reject	13	363

n: 575

p: 0.0409

r: -0.09	AOS: 20th Century Philosophy
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	6	130
Reject	37	569

n: 742

p: 0.0202

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Kant
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	6	105
Reject	71	393

n: 575

p: 0.0432

r: 0.08	Region of PhD: Oceania
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Yes	No
Accept	14	170
Reject	15	364

n: 563

p: 0.0465

r: 0.08	Region of nationality: Europe
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Yes	No
Accept	50	191
Reject	67	397

n: 705

p: 0.029

r: 0.08	AOS: Decision Theory
Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning	Yes	No
Accept	10	163
Reject	15	550

n: 738

p: 0.0255

r: 0.08	Region of affiliation: United States
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	103	37
Reject	353	255

n: 748

p: 0.0284

r: 0.07	AOS: Meta-Ethics
Cosmological fine-tuning: design	Yes	No
Accept	23	113
Reject	88	518

n: 742

p: 0.0453

r: 0.07	AOS: 19th Century Philosophy
Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact	Yes	No
Accept	17	235
Reject	17	472

n: 741

p: 0.0471