Survey Results

Vagueness: metaphysical, semantic, or epistemic?

Population

AOS

Region

for

Exclude answers beyond respondent's first 50

Include skip/insufficiently familiar answers

1431 respondents

What the percentages mean: "Accept or lean toward P: 50% (40%)" means that 50% of respondents endorsed this answer inclusively (including multiple-answer endorsements) and 40% endorsed this answer exclusively (excluding multiple-answer endorsements).

These results should not be used for comparison to 2009 results due to different populations and parameters. For meaningful longitudinal comparisons, see the longitudinal analysis section.

Collapse accept and lean towards

Accept or lean towards:
epistemic

24.18% (16.28%)

Reject or lean against:
epistemic

1.82% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
metaphysical

20.82% (15.16%)

Reject or lean against:
metaphysical

3.28% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
semantic

52.13% (42.56%)

Reject or lean against:
semantic

0.35% (0.00%)

Accept a combination of views

10.41%

Accept an alternative view

1.05%

The question is too unclear to answer

3.28%

There is no fact of the matter

1.33%

Agnostic/undecided

9.50%

Other

0.42%

N = 1431, excluding skipped & insufficiently familiar (354 respondents)

Most popular option combinations

Options	Number of responses	% of responses
Accept or lean towards: epistemic Accept or lean towards: semantic	60	4.19%
Accept or lean towards: epistemic Accept or lean towards: metaphysical Accept or lean towards: semantic	48	3.35%
Accept or lean towards: metaphysical Accept or lean towards: semantic	28	1.96%
Accept or lean towards: epistemic Accept or lean towards: metaphysical	5	0.35%
Accept or lean towards: semantic	1	0.07%

Longitudinal comparison to 2009 survey

This question was not in the 2009 survey

Strongest correlations with main questions (target population)

r: -0.22	Logic: classical
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	110	120
Reject	520	243

n: 993

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Quantum mechanics: epistemic
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	26	85
Reject	35	284

n: 430

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	True contradictions: actual
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	36	118
Reject	55	521

n: 730

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	True contradictions: impossible
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	100	54
Reject	460	116

n: 730

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Temporal ontology: eternalism
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	37	84
Reject	224	231

n: 576

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Material composition: restrictivism
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	58	56
Reject	126	198

n: 438

p: 0.0003

r: 0.17	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	94	105
Reject	169	355

n: 723

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	38	123
Reject	78	391

n: 630

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Temporal ontology: eternalism
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	172	165
Reject	91	153

n: 581

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Units of selection: genes
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	145	111
Reject	99	123

n: 478

p: 0.0004

r: 0.16	Values in science: necessarily value-laden
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	92	72
Reject	225	345

n: 734

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	375	215
Reject	232	246

n: 1068

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Time: A-theory
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	82	106
Reject	179	459

n: 826

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Material composition: universalism
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	86
Reject	117	207

n: 438

p: 0.0031

r: -0.14	Aesthetic value: objective
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	279	350
Reject	303	227

n: 1159

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Aesthetic experience: pleasure
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	47	215
Reject	26	203

n: 491

p: 0.0023

r: 0.14	Method in history of philosophy: analytic/rational reconstruction
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	279	100
Reject	192	118

n: 689

p: 0.0003

r: 0.14	Temporal ontology: growing block
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	36	85
Reject	71	382

n: 574

p: 0.0012

r: 0.13	Free will: libertarianism
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	78	202
Reject	181	791

n: 1252

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Grounds of intentionality: primitive
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	116
Reject	56	360

n: 560

p: 0.0016

r: -0.13	Statue and lump: one thing
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	39	102
Reject	194	314

n: 649

p: 0.0007

r: 0.13	Normative ethics: virtue ethics
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	122	126
Reject	336	569

n: 1153

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Propositions: simple entities
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	20	148
Reject	30	445

n: 643

p: 0.001

r: 0.13	Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	75
Reject	54	321

n: 469

p: 0.0057

r: 0.13	Meaning of life: objective
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	117	118
Reject	297	521

n: 1053

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	God: theism
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	71	198
Reject	170	805

n: 1244

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Aesthetic value: objective
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	156	99
Reject	423	474

n: 1152

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Perceptual experience: sense-datum theory
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	217
Reject	34	662

n: 931

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Extended mind: yes
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	98	59
Reject	286	282

n: 725

p: 0.0007

r: 0.12	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	207	64
Reject	613	332

n: 1216

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Values in science: necessarily value-laden
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	155	254
Reject	168	165

n: 742

p: 0.0007

r: 0.12	Gender categories: revise
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	104	56
Reject	287	272

n: 719

p: 0.0009

r: -0.12	Values in science: necessarily value-free
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	147
Reject	122	448

n: 734

p: 0.0008

r: -0.12	Arguments for theism: ontological
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	37	337
Reject	35	269

n: 678

p: 0.0016

r: 0.12	Aim of philosophy: wisdom
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	106	160
Reject	286	624

n: 1176

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Arguments for theism: ontological
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	30	151
Reject	42	452

n: 675

p: 0.0019

r: 0.12	Response to external-world skepticism: abductive
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	111	287
Reject	65	239

n: 702

p: 0.0016

r: -0.12	Moral principles: moral generalism
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	77	79
Reject	352	228

n: 736

p: 0.0013

r: -0.12	Temporal ontology: presentism
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	56	281
Reject	63	181

n: 581

p: 0.0043

r: 0.12	Belief or credence: neither
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	89
Reject	98	404

n: 619

p: 0.0033

r: 0.12	Aim of philosophy: understanding
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	446	223
Reject	314	240

n: 1223

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Properties: transcendent universals
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	42	76
Reject	98	378

n: 594

p: 0.0041

r: 0.12	Aesthetic value: objective
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	174	134
Reject	406	440

n: 1154

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Interlevel metaphysics: identity
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	56	271
Reject	26	207

n: 560

p: 0.0059

r: -0.12	Possible worlds: concrete
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	453
Reject	26	328

n: 826

p: 0.0008

r: 0.12	Law: legal positivism
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	128	131
Reject	72	137

n: 468

p: 0.0121

r: 0.12	Temporal ontology: growing block
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	38	113
Reject	71	356

n: 578

p: 0.0056

r: 0.11	Causation: process/production
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	41	98
Reject	128	432

n: 699

p: 0.0024

r: -0.11	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	115	121
Reject	488	338

n: 1062

p: 0.0002

r: -0.11	Human genetic engineering: permissible
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	141	66
Reject	421	148

n: 776

p: 0.0016

r: 0.11	Other minds: plants
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	22	158
Reject	40	623

n: 843

p: 0.0011

r: 0.11	Epistemic justification: internalism
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	282	345
Reject	177	352

n: 1156

p: 0.0002

r: -0.11	Practical reason: Humean
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	41	103
Reject	175	315

n: 634

p: 0.0053

r: -0.11	Abortion: permissible
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	186	43
Reject	529	87

n: 845

p: 0.0014

r: 0.11	Propositional attitudes: nonexistent
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	5	153
Reject	14	441

n: 613

p: 0.0069

r: 0.11	True contradictions: possible but non-actual
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	143
Reject	27	549

n: 730

p: 0.0035

r: 0.11	Abortion: permissible
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	417	57
Reject	302	72

n: 848

p: 0.0019

r: -0.11	Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	51	112
Reject	160	307

n: 630

p: 0.0082

r: -0.11	Plato: knowledge only of forms
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	76	68
Reject	199	128

n: 471

p: 0.0226

r: 0.1	Belief or credence: credence
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	145	219
Reject	74	187

n: 625

p: 0.0087

r: -0.1	Hume: skeptic
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	124	242
Reject	131	157

n: 654

p: 0.0075

r: -0.1	Normative ethics: consequentialism
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	72	176
Reject	329	574

n: 1151

p: 0.0004

r: -0.1	Free will: libertarianism
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	127	571
Reject	133	425

n: 1256

p: 0.0002

r: 0.1	Logic: classical
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	195	73
Reject	439	288

n: 995

p: 0.0011

r: -0.1	Consciousness: dualism
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	92	315
Reject	91	228

n: 726

p: 0.0054

r: 0.1	Knowledge claims: invariantism
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	107	192
Reject	226	582

n: 1107

p: 0.0006

r: 0.1	Propositions: acts
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	20	147
Reject	37	438

n: 642

p: 0.0098

r: -0.1	Other minds: flies
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	57	164
Reject	242	381

n: 844

p: 0.0031

r: -0.1	Continuum hypothesis: determinate
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	93	152
Reject	74	91

n: 410

p: 0.0408

r: -0.1	God: theism
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	108	585
Reject	134	426

n: 1253

p: 0.0003

r: 0.1	Other minds: particles
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	10	170
Reject	10	653

n: 843

p: 0.0034

r: -0.1	Temporal ontology: growing block
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	58	278
Reject	52	191

n: 579

p: 0.0161

r: 0.1	Temporal ontology: presentism
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	90
Reject	87	367

n: 576

p: 0.019

r: 0.1	Personal identity: further-fact view
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	60	215
Reject	142	638

n: 1055

p: 0.0015

r: 0.1	Morality: error theory
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	36	389
Reject	10	331

n: 766

p: 0.007

r: 0.1	Values in science: can be either
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	155	255
Reject	99	235

n: 744

p: 0.0079

r: 0.1	Interlevel metaphysics: realization
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	97	232
Reject	44	190

n: 563

p: 0.0217

r: 0.1	Hume: skeptic
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	83	100
Reject	171	297

n: 651

p: 0.0143

r: -0.1	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	138	266
Reject	125	196

n: 725

p: 0.0101

r: -0.1	Method in history of philosophy: analytic/rational reconstruction
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	104	53
Reject	364	162

n: 683

p: 0.013

r: 0.09	Quantum mechanics: collapse
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	23	64
Reject	55	290

n: 432

p: 0.0488

r: 0.09	Personal identity: psychological view
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	317	272
Reject	223	255

n: 1067

p: 0.0019

r: 0.09	Personal identity: further-fact view
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	182
Reject	146	669

n: 1051

p: 0.0021

r: 0.09	Perceptual experience: disjunctivism
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	48	189
Reject	119	581

n: 937

p: 0.0038

r: -0.09	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	424	249
Reject	399	151

n: 1223

p: 0.0011

r: 0.09	Justification: coherentism
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	49	95
Reject	124	432

n: 700

p: 0.0139

r: 0.09	Aim of philosophy: goodness/justice
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	69	194
Reject	205	698

n: 1166

p: 0.0015

r: -0.09	Arguments for theism: moral
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	36	339
Reject	36	270

n: 681

p: 0.0155

r: -0.09	Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	105
Reject	125	370

n: 624

p: 0.0208

r: -0.09	Personal identity: further-fact view
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	100	486
Reject	102	372

n: 1060

p: 0.003

r: 0.09	Normative concepts: reasons
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	49	84
Reject	124	344

n: 601

p: 0.0253

r: 0.09	Practical reason: Aristotelian
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	70	74
Reject	190	299

n: 633

p: 0.0223

r: 0.09	Well-being: objective list
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	97	51
Reject	304	223

n: 675

p: 0.0184

r: 0.09	Aim of philosophy: happiness
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	51	251
Reject	111	738

n: 1151

p: 0.0021

r: -0.09	Other minds: cats
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	198	23
Reject	583	40

n: 844

p: 0.009

r: -0.09	Morality: non-naturalism
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	113	310
Reject	123	220

n: 766

p: 0.0129

r: -0.09	Propositional attitudes: nonexistent
Vagueness: semantic	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	350
Reject	8	247

n: 616

p: 0.0262

r: -0.09	Mind: physicalism
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	130	128
Reject	569	371

n: 1198

p: 0.0021

r: -0.09	Semantic content: moderate contextualism (intermediate)
Vagueness: metaphysical	Accept	Reject
Accept	73	73
Reject	283	203

n: 632

p: 0.0257

r: -0.09	Other minds: fish
Vagueness: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	135	86
Reject	439	184

n: 844

p: 0.0106

Strongest correlations with demographic questions (target population)

r: -0.14	Tradition: Analytic
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	228	60
Reject	900	96

n: 1284

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Aristotle
Vagueness: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	69	191
Reject	115	588

n: 963

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Lewis
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	80	465
Reject	29	393

n: 967

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Philosopher: Lewis
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	11	196
Reject	98	653

n: 958

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Tradition: Analytic
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	650	70
Reject	482	92

n: 1294

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Philosopher: Deleuze
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	5	202
Reject	0	751

n: 958

p: 0.0002

r: 0.12	Philosopher: Heidegger
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	11	196
Reject	8	743

n: 958

p: 0.0003

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Reid
Vagueness: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	12	248
Reject	15	688

n: 963

p: 0.0006

r: -0.11	Philosopher: Lewis
Vagueness: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	20	240
Reject	88	615

n: 963

p: 0.0007

r: 0.1	Tradition: Other tradition
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	38	250
Reject	60	936

n: 1284

p: 0.0002

r: 0.1	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	178	548
Reject	86	495

n: 1307

p: 0.0002

r: -0.1	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Vagueness: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	50	290
Reject	212	749

n: 1301

p: 0.0004

r: 0.1	AOS: Applied Ethics
Vagueness: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	48	292
Reject	86	875

n: 1301

p: 0.0004

r: -0.1	Tradition: Other tradition
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	44	676
Reject	59	515

n: 1294

p: 0.0004

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Heidegger
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	7	538
Reject	13	409

n: 967

p: 0.0031

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Carnap
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	8	199
Reject	61	690

n: 958

p: 0.0035

r: 0.09	Tradition: Continental
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	22	266
Reject	36	960

n: 1284

p: 0.0014

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Aristotle
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	86	459
Reject	99	323

n: 967

p: 0.0068

r: -0.09	AOS: Metaphysics
Vagueness: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	78	262
Reject	257	704

n: 1301

p: 0.0021

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Plato
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	20	525
Reject	36	386

n: 967

p: 0.0085

r: -0.08	AOS: Feminist Philosophy
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	17	709
Reject	31	550

n: 1307

p: 0.0023

r: 0.08	AOS: Philosophy of Mind
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	185	541
Reject	113	468

n: 1307

p: 0.0026

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Aristotle
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	48	159
Reject	136	615

n: 958

p: 0.016

r: 0.08	AOS: Philosophy of Biology
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	17	275
Reject	28	976

n: 1296

p: 0.0062

r: 0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Vagueness: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	39	301
Reject	69	892

n: 1301

p: 0.009

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Plato
Vagueness: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	21	239
Reject	35	668

n: 963

p: 0.0251

r: 0.07	AOS: Asian Philosophy
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	11	281
Reject	15	989

n: 1296

p: 0.0117

r: 0.07	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	20	272
Reject	33	971

n: 1296

p: 0.0117

r: 0.07	AOS: Feminist Philosophy
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	14	278
Reject	34	970

n: 1296

p: 0.0118

r: 0.07	Philosopher: James
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	11	196
Reject	24	727

n: 958

p: 0.0333

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Reid
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	8	537
Reject	19	403

n: 967

p: 0.0365

r: 0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Physical Science
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	36	690
Reject	15	566

n: 1307

p: 0.0151

r: -0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Mathematics
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	5	287
Reject	37	967

n: 1296

p: 0.016

r: -0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	49	677
Reject	59	522

n: 1307

p: 0.0156

r: 0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Mathematics
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	31	695
Reject	12	569

n: 1307

p: 0.0161

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Carnap
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	50	495
Reject	19	403

n: 967

p: 0.0399

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Frege
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	16	191
Reject	74	677

n: 958

p: 0.0409

r: 0.07	AOS: Logic and Philosophy of Logic
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	94	632
Reject	44	537

n: 1307

p: 0.0181

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Popper
Vagueness: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	7	253
Reject	7	696

n: 963

p: 0.0439

r: -0.06	Tradition: Continental
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	26	694
Reject	33	541

n: 1294

p: 0.0203

r: 0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Action
Vagueness: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	28	312
Reject	57	904

n: 1301

p: 0.0206

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Quine
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	60	485
Reject	33	389

n: 967

p: 0.0466

r: -0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	15	711
Reject	25	556

n: 1307

p: 0.0238

r: 0.06	AOS: Aesthetics
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	22	270
Reject	47	957

n: 1296

p: 0.0275

r: -0.06	Region of nationality: United Kingdom
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	18	259
Reject	101	850

n: 1228

p: 0.0323

r: -0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Action
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	39	687
Reject	49	532

n: 1307

p: 0.0274

r: -0.06	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Vagueness: semantic	Yes	No
Accept	24	702
Reject	30	551

n: 1307

p: 0.0287

r: 0.06	Region of affiliation: United States
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	176	120
Reject	567	455

n: 1318

p: 0.0361

r: 0.06	Other demographics: YOB
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	116	148
Reject	462	489

n: 1215

p: 0.048

r: 0.06	AOS: Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy
Vagueness: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	27	313
Reject	41	920

n: 1301

p: 0.0417

r: 0.06	Region of nationality: United States
Vagueness: metaphysical	Yes	No
Accept	154	123
Reject	484	467

n: 1228

p: 0.049

r: 0.06	AOS: Social and Political Philosophy
Vagueness: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	60	280
Reject	123	838

n: 1301

p: 0.0456