Survey Results

Philosophical methods (which methods are the most useful/important?)

Population

AOS

Region

for

Exclude answers beyond respondent's first 50

Include skip/insufficiently familiar answers

17 respondents

What the percentages mean: "Accept or lean toward P: 50% (40%)" means that 50% of respondents endorsed this answer inclusively (including multiple-answer endorsements) and 40% endorsed this answer exclusively (excluding multiple-answer endorsements).

These results should not be used for comparison to 2009 results due to different populations and parameters. For meaningful longitudinal comparisons, see the longitudinal analysis section.

Collapse accept and lean towards

Accept or lean towards:
conceptual analysis

76.47%

Reject or lean against:
conceptual analysis

5.88%

Accept or lean towards:
conceptual engineering

17.65%

Reject or lean against:
conceptual engineering

52.94%

Accept or lean towards:
empirical philosophy

47.06%

Reject or lean against:
empirical philosophy

29.41%

Accept or lean towards:
experimental philosophy

23.53%

Reject or lean against:
experimental philosophy

41.18%

Accept or lean towards:
formal philosophy

23.53%

Reject or lean against:
formal philosophy

35.29%

Accept or lean towards:
intuition-based philosophy

41.18%

Reject or lean against:
intuition-based philosophy

29.41%

Accept or lean towards:
linguistic philosophy

52.94%

Reject or lean against:
linguistic philosophy

11.76%

Accept a combination of views

100.00%

Accept an alternative view

0.00%

The question is too unclear to answer

0.00%

There is no fact of the matter

0.00%

Agnostic/undecided

0.00%

Other

0.00%

N = 17

Most popular option combinations

Options	Number of responses	% of responses
Accept or lean towards: conceptual analysis Accept or lean towards: intuition-based philosophy Accept or lean towards: linguistic philosophy	2	11.76%
Accept or lean towards: empirical philosophy Accept or lean towards: intuition-based philosophy Accept or lean towards: linguistic philosophy	1	5.88%
Accept or lean towards: conceptual analysis Accept or lean towards: conceptual engineering Accept or lean towards: linguistic philosophy	1	5.88%
Accept or lean towards: conceptual analysis Accept or lean towards: empirical philosophy Accept or lean towards: experimental philosophy Accept or lean towards: intuition-based philosophy	1	5.88%
Accept or lean towards: empirical philosophy Accept or lean towards: experimental philosophy Accept or lean towards: formal philosophy Accept or lean towards: linguistic philosophy	1	5.88%

Alternative Views

94 target respondents indicated that they accept or lean toward an alternative view. The words used in their responses cluster as follows. These results are not filtered by AOS, region, etc.

PHEN (24): phenomenological (12) phenomenology (12)
HIST (13): historical (9) history (2) historical-contextualist (1) historically-conscious (1)
PRAG (11): pragmatism (7) pragmatic (2) pragmaticism (1) pragmatist (1)
SCIE (5): scientific (2) science (2) sciences (1)
THER (5): therapeutic (2) there (1) therapy (1) there-is-no-method-except-to-be-very-smart-ism (1)
GENE (5): genealogy (3) genealogical (2)
THEO (5): theories (3) theory (1) theorizing (1)
REFL (4): reflective (3) reflection (1)

Longitudinal comparison to 2009 survey

This question was not in the 2009 survey

Strongest correlations with main questions (target population)

r: 0.43	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	592	238
Reject	153	284

n: 1267

p < 0.0001

r: 0.33	Hard problem of consciousness: yes
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	365	118
Reject	218	199

n: 900

p < 0.0001

r: 0.33	A priori knowledge: yes
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	708	110
Reject	473	242

n: 1533

p < 0.0001

r: 0.32	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	183	131
Reject	80	208

n: 602

p < 0.0001

r: 0.32	Knowledge: empiricism
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	546	255
Reject	177	263

n: 1241

p < 0.0001

r: 0.3	Mind: physicalism
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	624	308
Reject	229	291

n: 1452

p < 0.0001

r: 0.29	Consciousness: dualism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	151	315
Reject	55	321

n: 842

p < 0.0001

r: 0.28	Morality: non-naturalism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	193	300
Reject	58	345

n: 896

p < 0.0001

r: 0.28	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	326	132
Reject	419	390

n: 1267

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Method in history of philosophy: analytic/rational reconstruction
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	325	97
Reject	219	187

n: 828

p < 0.0001

r: -0.27	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	319	339
Reject	426	183

n: 1267

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	601	197
Reject	377	299

n: 1474

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Analysis of knowledge: no analysis
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Accept	Reject
Accept	186	492
Reject	109	117

n: 904

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Knowledge: empiricism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	306	354
Reject	417	164

n: 1241

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	102	286
Reject	27	294

n: 709

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	167	293
Reject	55	277

n: 792

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Abstract objects: Platonism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	398	337
Reject	189	428

n: 1352

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Truth: correspondence
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	501	242
Reject	293	340

n: 1376

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	590	202
Reject	398	305

n: 1495

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Continuum hypothesis: determinate
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Accept	Reject
Accept	60	130
Reject	112	122

n: 424

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Practical reason: Humean
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	198	290
Reject	64	219

n: 771

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Accept	Reject
Accept	806	333
Reject	182	174

n: 1495

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Moral judgment: cognitivism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	628	153
Reject	410	238

n: 1429

p < 0.0001

r: -0.24	Morality: non-naturalism
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	126	453
Reject	125	192

n: 896

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Method in political philosophy: ideal theory
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	160	193
Reject	81	243

n: 677

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Other minds: future AI systems
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	293	345
Reject	114	236

n: 988

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Knowledge: empiricism
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	305	140
Reject	418	378

n: 1241

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Consciousness: dualism
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	113	445
Reject	93	191

n: 842

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	A priori knowledge: yes
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Accept	Reject
Accept	942	227
Reject	239	125

n: 1533

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Metaontology: deflationary realism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	70	243
Reject	120	167

n: 600

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Laws of nature: Humean
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	176	546
Reject	287	356

n: 1365

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Meaning of life: objective
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	333	350
Reject	179	423

n: 1285

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Mind: physicalism
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	347	156
Reject	506	443

n: 1452

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Properties: transcendent universals
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	106	266
Reject	40	239

n: 651

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Method in political philosophy: ideal theory
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	134	304
Reject	107	132

n: 677

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Causation: primitive
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	118	276
Reject	55	322

n: 771

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Units of selection: genes
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	190	146
Reject	101	136

n: 573

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Concepts: nativism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	142	217
Reject	87	260

n: 706

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Well-being: objective list
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	317	146
Reject	173	183

n: 819

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Other minds: future AI systems
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	158	187
Reject	249	394

n: 988

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Wittgenstein: early
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	167	337
Reject	61	266

n: 831

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Response to external-world skepticism: pragmatic
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	80	350
Reject	124	252

n: 806

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Response to external-world skepticism: dogmatist
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	86	342
Reject	31	337

n: 796

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Hard problem of consciousness: yes
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Accept	Reject
Accept	467	203
Reject	116	114

n: 900

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Possible worlds: abstract
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	334	169
Reject	223	219

n: 945

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Other minds: future AI systems
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Accept	Reject
Accept	208	222
Reject	199	359

n: 988

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Aesthetic value: objective
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	444	303
Reject	249	387

n: 1383

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Consciousness: dualism
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	48	235
Reject	158	401

n: 842

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Justification: reliabilism
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	227	292
Reject	75	200

n: 794

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Mind: physicalism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	405	378
Reject	448	221

n: 1452

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Experience machine: yes
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	76	692
Reject	136	522

n: 1426

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Interlevel metaphysics: grounding
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	139	196
Reject	67	202

n: 604

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Causation: counterfactual/difference-making
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	231	274
Reject	86	188

n: 779

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Zombies: metaphysically possible
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	238	489
Reject	126	472

n: 1325

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Meaning of life: objective
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	278	542
Reject	234	231

n: 1285

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Gender: social
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Accept	Reject
Accept	453	126
Reject	520	273

n: 1372

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	49	314
Reject	37	109

n: 509

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Grounds of intentionality: causal/teleological
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	185	233
Reject	51	152

n: 621

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Normative ethics: consequentialism
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	371	520
Reject	136	381

n: 1408

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Propositions: structured entities
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	182	188
Reject	110	199

n: 679

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Science: scientific realism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	661	121
Reject	480	181

n: 1443

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Gender categories: preserve
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Accept	Reject
Accept	64	314
Reject	127	347

n: 852

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Spacetime: relationism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	120	159
Reject	151	117

n: 547

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Extended mind: yes
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	210	234
Reject	252	140

n: 836

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Chinese room: understands
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	70	220
Reject	102	491

n: 883

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Well-being: hedonism/experientialism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	44	416
Reject	72	285

n: 817

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Consciousness: eliminativism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	8	457
Reject	36	341

n: 842

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Abstract objects: Platonism
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	334	530
Reject	253	235

n: 1352

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	True contradictions: impossible
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	363	84
Reject	248	120

n: 815

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Propositional attitudes: representational
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	253	201
Reject	96	141

n: 691

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Grounds of intentionality: causal/teleological
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Accept	Reject
Accept	153	299
Reject	83	86

n: 621

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Gender categories: revise
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Accept	Reject
Accept	236	144
Reject	241	234

n: 855

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Immortality: yes
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	290	236
Reject	175	268

n: 969

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Metaontology: anti-realism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	29	283
Reject	51	236

n: 599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Temporal ontology: eternalism
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	193	211
Reject	85	137

n: 626

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Time travel: metaphysically possible
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	264	275
Reject	118	178

n: 835

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Analysis of knowledge: other analysis
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	204	294
Reject	113	294

n: 905

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Truth: deflationary
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	163	579
Reject	212	419

n: 1373

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Arguments for theism: design
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	118	318
Reject	50	316

n: 802

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Spacetime: relationism
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	152	204
Reject	119	72

n: 547

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Other minds: current AI systems
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	326
Reject	17	626

n: 988

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Gender: biological
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Accept	Reject
Accept	154	419
Reject	297	487

n: 1357

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	121	395
Reject	101	175

n: 792

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Knowledge claims: invariantism
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	228	443
Reject	127	485

n: 1283

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Law: legal positivism
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	154	180
Reject	74	145

n: 553

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Chinese room: understands
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	128	426
Reject	44	285

n: 883

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Morality: naturalist realism
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	225	358
Reject	85	234

n: 902

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Properties: transcendent universals
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	76	338
Reject	70	167

n: 651

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Chinese room: understands
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	75	413
Reject	97	298

n: 883

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Possible worlds: nonexistent
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	135	369
Reject	163	278

n: 945

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Semantic content: minimalism (no more than a few)
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	215
Reject	55	417

n: 701

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Semantic content: radical contextualism (most or all)
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	73	288
Reject	115	225

n: 701

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Properties: tropes
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	82	333
Reject	33	204

n: 652

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Morality: error theory
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	477
Reject	33	368

n: 896

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Philosophical progress: none
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	894
Reject	44	570

n: 1525

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Mind: physicalism
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Accept	Reject
Accept	407	207
Reject	446	392

n: 1452

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Practical reason: Kantian
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	78	408
Reject	82	201

n: 769

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Well-being: desire satisfaction
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	76	192
Reject	100	452

n: 820

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Morality: non-naturalism
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	65	239
Reject	186	406

n: 896

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Interlevel metaphysics: realization
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Accept	Reject
Accept	110	281
Reject	36	175

n: 602

p < 0.0001

Strongest correlations with demographic questions (target population)

r: 0.23	Tradition: Analytic
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	839	91
Reject	485	163

n: 1578

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Philosophical methods: linguistic philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	199	584
Reject	66	750

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	142	877
Reject	12	568

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	AOS: Logic and Philosophy of Logic
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	132	808
Reject	17	642

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Philosopher: Wittgenstein
Philosophical methods: linguistic philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	86	518
Reject	27	561

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Philosopher: Hume
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	167	578
Reject	45	402

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Philosopher: Quine
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Yes	No
Accept	54	853
Reject	49	236

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	60	780
Reject	129	630

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Philosopher: Carnap
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	67	620
Reject	10	495

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Philosopher: Lewis
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	91	596
Reject	20	485

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Philosopher: Hume
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	102	302
Reject	110	678

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Tradition: Other tradition
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	56	874
Reject	95	553

n: 1578

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Philosopher: Moore
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	32	570
Reject	5	585

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Tradition: Analytic
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Yes	No
Accept	604	65
Reject	720	189

n: 1578

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	AOS: Meta-Ethics
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	155	685
Reject	59	700

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Tradition: Analytic
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	739	93
Reject	585	161

n: 1578

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Philosopher: Quine
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	29	573
Reject	74	516

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Philosopher: Frege
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	79	608
Reject	13	492

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Tradition: Continental
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	35	895
Reject	68	580

n: 1578

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Philosopher: Carnap
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Yes	No
Accept	54	436
Reject	23	679

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	83	470
Reject	71	975

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	AOS: Normative Ethics
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	210	630
Reject	113	646

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Other demographics: YOB
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Yes	No
Accept	342	291
Reject	362	501

n: 1496

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	29	911
Reject	60	599

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Philosopher: Parfit
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	35	567
Reject	7	583

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	197	743
Reject	68	591

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	AOS: Decision Theory
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	44	896
Reject	3	656

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Philosopher: Kant
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	82	663
Reject	93	354

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Tradition: Other tradition
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	52	780
Reject	99	647

n: 1578

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Dewey
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	27	377
Reject	17	771

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Other demographics: YOB
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	481	464
Reject	223	328

n: 1496

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	AOS: Social and Political Philosophy
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	125	815
Reject	135	524

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Philosophical methods: linguistic philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	66	717
Reject	123	693

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Tradition: Continental
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Yes	No
Accept	21	648
Reject	82	827

n: 1578

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Other demographics: YOB
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	441	432
Reject	263	360

n: 1496

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Frege
Philosophical methods: linguistic philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	64	540
Reject	28	560

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Philosopher: Heidegger
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	11	676
Reject	21	484

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Philosopher: Dewey
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	9	593
Reject	35	555

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	AOS: Metaphysics
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	85	468
Reject	258	788

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Philosopher: Plato
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	29	716
Reject	39	408

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	90	750
Reject	39	720

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Yes	No
Accept	19	653
Reject	70	857

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	AOS: Philosophy of Biology
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	19	821
Reject	46	713

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	55	785
Reject	99	660

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Quine
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	81	664
Reject	22	425

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Philosopher: Anscombe
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	6	398
Reject	29	759

n: 1192

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Rawls
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	42	560
Reject	17	573

n: 1192

p: 0.0002

r: -0.11	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Yes	No
Accept	96	1107
Reject	58	338

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	AOS: Epistemology
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	233	607
Reject	139	620

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Philosopher: Heidegger
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Yes	No
Accept	7	483
Reject	25	677

n: 1192

p: 0.0002

r: -0.11	AOS: 19th Century Philosophy
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	21	819
Reject	59	700

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	148	871
Reject	41	539

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Russell
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	57	630
Reject	17	488

n: 1192

p: 0.0003

r: -0.1	AOS: Philosophy of Physical Science
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	18	822
Reject	44	715

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.1	AOS: Metaphysics
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	212	628
Reject	131	628

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Dewey
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	38	707
Reject	6	441

n: 1192

p: 0.0003

r: 0.1	AOS: Philosophy of Mind
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	240	779
Reject	89	491

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: -0.1	Philosopher: Carnap
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	26	576
Reject	51	539

n: 1192

p: 0.0004

r: 0.1	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Yes	No
Accept	90	582
Reject	64	863

n: 1599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.1	Tradition: Analytic
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	860	142
Reject	464	112

n: 1578

p < 0.0001

r: -0.1	Region of affiliation: Europe
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	146	885
Reject	122	470

n: 1623

p < 0.0001

r: -0.1	Philosopher: Marx
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	22	665
Reject	26	479

n: 1192

p: 0.001

r: 0.09	Philosopher: James
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	21	383
Reject	20	768

n: 1192

p: 0.001

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Aquinas
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	22	723
Reject	25	422

n: 1192

p: 0.0011

r: -0.09	AOS: 19th Century Philosophy
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	30	910
Reject	50	609

n: 1599

p: 0.0002

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Heidegger
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	13	732
Reject	19	428

n: 1192

p: 0.0011

r: -0.09	Tradition: Other tradition
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Yes	No
Accept	44	625
Reject	107	802

n: 1578

p: 0.0002

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Wittgenstein
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	58	687
Reject	55	392

n: 1192

p: 0.0015

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Husserl
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	5	399
Reject	27	761

n: 1192

p: 0.0017

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Hegel
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	18	727
Reject	17	430

n: 1192

p: 0.0018

r: 0.09	Region of affiliation: Europe
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Yes	No
Accept	225	994
Reject	43	361

n: 1623

p: 0.0003

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Aquinas
Philosophical methods: conceptual engineering	Yes	No
Accept	11	479
Reject	36	666

n: 1192

p: 0.0022

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Reid
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	21	581
Reject	10	580

n: 1192

p: 0.0023

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Plato
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	17	387
Reject	51	737

n: 1192

p: 0.0023

r: 0.09	AOS: Philosophy of Biology
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	55	964
Reject	10	570

n: 1599

p: 0.0005

r: 0.09	Gender: male
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	778	160
Reject	481	171

n: 1590

p: 0.0005

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Anscombe
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	17	728
Reject	18	429

n: 1192

p: 0.0029

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Leibniz
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	28	574
Reject	9	581

n: 1192

p: 0.003

r: 0.09	Other demographics: YOB
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	381	405
Reject	323	387

n: 1496

p: 0.0009

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Aquinas
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	8	396
Reject	39	749

n: 1192

p: 0.0035

r: -0.08	Region of affiliation: United States
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Yes	No
Accept	657	562
Reject	257	147

n: 1623

p: 0.0007

r: -0.08	Philosopher: James
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	11	591
Reject	30	560

n: 1192

p: 0.0038

r: -0.08	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	66	953
Reject	63	517

n: 1599

p: 0.0008

r: -0.08	AOS: Feminist Philosophy
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	27	913
Reject	47	612

n: 1599

p: 0.0008

r: -0.08	Tradition: Continental
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	53	949
Reject	50	526

n: 1578

p: 0.0009

r: -0.08	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Yes	No
Accept	123	1080
Reject	66	330

n: 1599

p: 0.0009

r: -0.08	Gender: female
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	156	782
Reject	168	484

n: 1590

p: 0.001

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Kant
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Yes	No
Accept	145	762
Reject	30	255

n: 1192

p: 0.005

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Frege
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	59	543
Reject	33	557

n: 1192

p: 0.005

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Descartes
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	33	569
Reject	12	578

n: 1192

p: 0.0053

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Wittgenstein
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	33	371
Reject	80	708

n: 1192

p: 0.0053

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Lewis
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	68	534
Reject	43	547

n: 1192

p: 0.0054

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Kant
Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	42	362
Reject	133	655

n: 1192

p: 0.0055

r: -0.08	Region of nationality: Europe
Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	181	774
Reject	137	419

n: 1511

p: 0.0019

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Dewey
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Yes	No
Accept	27	880
Reject	17	268

n: 1192

p: 0.0061

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Aristotle
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	109	578
Reject	114	391

n: 1192

p: 0.0062

r: -0.08	AOS: Metaphilosophy
Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis	Yes	No
Accept	45	1158
Reject	29	367

n: 1599

p: 0.0017

r: 0.08	AOS: Philosophy of Mathematics
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	40	900
Reject	10	649

n: 1599

p: 0.0017

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Leibniz
Philosophical methods: formal philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	30	657
Reject	7	498

n: 1192

p: 0.0072

r: -0.08	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy	Yes	No
Accept	32	808
Reject	57	702

n: 1599

p: 0.0022