Survey Results

Meaning of life: nonexistent, subjective, or objective?

Population

AOS

Region

for

Exclude answers beyond respondent's first 50

Include skip/insufficiently familiar answers

1725 respondents

What the percentages mean: "Accept or lean toward P: 50% (40%)" means that 50% of respondents endorsed this answer inclusively (including multiple-answer endorsements) and 40% endorsed this answer exclusively (excluding multiple-answer endorsements).

These results should not be used for comparison to 2009 results due to different populations and parameters. For meaningful longitudinal comparisons, see the longitudinal analysis section.

Collapse accept and lean towards

Accept or lean towards:
subjective

33.04% (28.35%)

Reject or lean against:
subjective

0.35% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
objective

32.06% (27.59%)

Reject or lean against:
objective

0.58% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
nonexistent

16.12% (14.90%)

Reject or lean against:
nonexistent

2.90% (0.00%)

Accept a combination of views

5.57%

Accept an alternative view

3.30%

The question is too unclear to answer

12.81%

There is no fact of the matter

2.32%

Agnostic/undecided

4.17%

Other

0.99%

N = 1725, excluding skipped & insufficiently familiar (60 respondents)

Most popular option combinations

Options	Number of responses	% of responses
Accept or lean towards: subjective Accept or lean towards: objective	65	3.77%
Accept or lean towards: subjective Accept or lean towards: nonexistent	11	0.64%
Accept or lean towards: objective Accept or lean towards: nonexistent	4	0.23%
Accept or lean towards: subjective Accept or lean towards: objective Accept or lean towards: nonexistent	3	0.17%
Accept or lean towards: objective	3	0.17%

Alternative Views

83 target respondents indicated that they accept or lean toward an alternative view. The words used in their responses cluster as follows. These results are not filtered by AOS, region, etc.

INTE (13): intersubjective (10) inter-subjective (1) interesting (1) intersubjective--socially (1)
PLUR (8): pluralism (7) pluralist (1)
HYBR (7): hybrid (6) hybridism (1)
WOLF (6): wolf (6)
CONS (6): constructed (2) constructivist (1) constructivism (1) consider (1) constraints (1)
BOTH (5): both (5)

Longitudinal comparison to 2009 survey

This question was not in the 2009 survey

Strongest correlations with main questions (target population)

r: 0.55	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	122	145
Reject	10	332

n: 609

p < 0.0001

r: 0.52	Aesthetic value: objective
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	390	112
Reject	228	497

n: 1227

p < 0.0001

r: 0.5	God: theism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	239	280
Reject	58	734

n: 1311

p < 0.0001

r: 0.48	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	466	57
Reject	382	367

n: 1272

p < 0.0001

r: -0.47	Practical reason: Humean
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	33	250
Reject	183	195

n: 661

p < 0.0001

r: 0.46	Well-being: objective list
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	256	49
Reject	166	234

n: 705

p < 0.0001

r: -0.45	Abortion: permissible
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	226	122
Reject	488	30

n: 866

p < 0.0001

r: -0.43	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	167	280
Reject	462	188

n: 1097

p < 0.0001

r: -0.41	Mind: physicalism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	177	324
Reject	540	209

n: 1250

p < 0.0001

r: 0.38	Consciousness: dualism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	130	159
Reject	61	381

n: 731

p < 0.0001

r: 0.37	Morality: non-naturalism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	160	170
Reject	56	380

n: 766

p < 0.0001

r: 0.37	Practical reason: Aristotelian
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	174	110
Reject	112	266

n: 662

p < 0.0001

r: -0.36	Aesthetic value: objective
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	155	340
Reject	462	271

n: 1228

p < 0.0001

r: 0.36	Moral judgment: cognitivism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	464	60
Reject	443	260

n: 1227

p < 0.0001

r: -0.35	Well-being: desire satisfaction
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	276
Reject	127	275

n: 706

p < 0.0001

r: -0.35	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	13	207
Reject	119	272

n: 611

p < 0.0001

r: -0.35	Laws of nature: Humean
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	71	399
Reject	309	395

n: 1174

p < 0.0001

r: -0.33	Knowledge: empiricism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	171	251
Reject	443	216

n: 1081

p < 0.0001

r: 0.32	Free will: libertarianism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	190	337
Reject	90	686

n: 1303

p < 0.0001

r: 0.32	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	134	83
Reject	91	205

n: 513

p < 0.0001

r: 0.32	Well-being: desire satisfaction
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	99	173
Reject	57	378

n: 707

p < 0.0001

r: 0.32	Abortion: permissible
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	323	19
Reject	392	133

n: 867

p < 0.0001

r: 0.31	Abstract objects: Platonism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	270	190
Reject	234	461

n: 1155

p < 0.0001

r: -0.3	God: theism
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	16	252
Reject	277	751

n: 1296

p < 0.0001

r: 0.29	Morality: constructivism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	100	183
Reject	67	420

n: 770

p < 0.0001

r: 0.29	Immortality: yes
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	220	126
Reject	192	295

n: 833

p < 0.0001

r: -0.28	Well-being: hedonism/experientialism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	282
Reject	81	321

n: 703

p < 0.0001

r: -0.28	Well-being: objective list
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	123	148
Reject	298	137

n: 706

p < 0.0001

r: -0.28	Morality: constructivism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	40	293
Reject	128	309

n: 770

p < 0.0001

r: -0.27	Morality: non-naturalism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	247
Reject	183	305

n: 767

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Personal identity: further-fact view
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	128	297
Reject	66	593

n: 1084

p < 0.0001

r: -0.27	Morality: expressivism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	15	315
Reject	65	374

n: 769

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Normative ethics: consequentialism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	117	381
Reject	303	405

n: 1206

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Material composition: nihilism
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	63
Reject	23	290

n: 390

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	158	152
Reject	132	277

n: 719

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Time: A-theory
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	143	168
Reject	112	350

n: 773

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Law: legal positivism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	56	149
Reject	132	137

n: 474

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	God: theism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	50	485
Reject	247	531

n: 1313

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	60	206
Reject	147	195

n: 608

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Morality: error theory
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	138
Reject	24	574

n: 760

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Experience machine: yes
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	30	469
Reject	148	579

n: 1226

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	321	131
Reject	311	336

n: 1099

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	280	236
Reject	569	190

n: 1275

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Human genetic engineering: permissible
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	181	130
Reject	360	105

n: 776

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Well-being: hedonism/experientialism
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	35	108
Reject	66	488

n: 697

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Interlevel metaphysics: grounding
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	107	113
Reject	78	225

n: 523

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Knowledge: empiricism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	319	130
Reject	298	337

n: 1084

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Material composition: restrictivism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	97	90
Reject	73	134

n: 394

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Practical reason: Humean
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	116	145
Reject	100	299

n: 660

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	98	123
Reject	111	279

n: 611

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Gender categories: preserve
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	102	189
Reject	60	366

n: 717

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Concepts: nativism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	99	128
Reject	104	273

n: 604

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	122	127
Reject	714	295

n: 1258

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Practical reason: Humean
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	68	65
Reject	148	373

n: 654

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Moral judgment: cognitivism
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	135	95
Reject	759	223

n: 1212

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Abortion: permissible
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	176	13
Reject	532	138

n: 859

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Other minds: future AI systems
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	112	234
Reject	224	263

n: 833

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Mind: physicalism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	351	154
Reject	369	378

n: 1252

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	333	179
Reject	350	423

n: 1285

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Method in political philosophy: ideal theory
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	109	135
Reject	105	236

n: 585

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Consciousness: dualism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	43	233
Reject	147	308

n: 731

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Aim of philosophy: wisdom
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	239	265
Reject	193	540

n: 1237

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Truth: deflationary
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	76	407
Reject	228	474

n: 1185

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Mind: physicalism
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	190	62
Reject	525	460

n: 1237

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Practical reason: Aristotelian
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	38	96
Reject	246	275

n: 655

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	A priori knowledge: yes
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	455	69
Reject	552	228

n: 1304

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Personal identity: psychological view
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	192	239
Reject	398	264

n: 1093

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Laws of nature: Humean
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	207	269
Reject	174	526

n: 1176

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Arguments for theism: cosmological
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	106	204
Reject	71	306

n: 687

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Units of selection: genes
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	75	120
Reject	166	127

n: 488

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Footbridge: push
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	83	401
Reject	223	494

n: 1201

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Chinese room: understands
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	29	277
Reject	105	333

n: 744

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Consciousness: dualism
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	150
Reject	170	389

n: 726

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Metaontology: anti-realism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	13	203
Reject	58	238

n: 512

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	158	55
Reject	470	405

n: 1088

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Mind uploading: survival
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	61	239
Reject	167	268

n: 735

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Personal identity: psychological view
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	291	162
Reject	299	340

n: 1092

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Causation: primitive
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	87	178
Reject	63	326

n: 654

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Immortality: yes
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	132	189
Reject	281	233

n: 835

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Consciousness: functionalism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	72	218
Reject	193	251

n: 734

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Gender categories: preserve
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	38	238
Reject	124	316

n: 716

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	49	107
Reject	240	318

n: 714

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Truth: correspondence
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	333	151
Reject	366	336

n: 1186

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Free will: no free will
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	200
Reject	110	926

n: 1290

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	42	223
Reject	92	250

n: 607

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Abstract objects: Platonism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	157	311
Reject	347	340

n: 1155

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Belief or credence: belief
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	110	126
Reject	93	252

n: 581

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Knowledge claims: invariantism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	86	372
Reject	221	412

n: 1091

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Gender categories: revise
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	181	96
Reject	222	221

n: 720

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Consciousness: functionalism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	127	150
Reject	139	318

n: 734

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Law: legal positivism
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	51	48
Reject	134	233

n: 466

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Free will: libertarianism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	82	460
Reject	198	565

n: 1305

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Hard problem of consciousness: yes
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	230	78
Reject	276	189

n: 773

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Material composition: universalism
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	46	141
Reject	73	134

n: 394

p: 0.0002

r: 0.19	Laws of nature: Humean
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	117	118
Reject	258	669

n: 1162

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	65	134
Reject	162	154

n: 515

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	278	234
Reject	542	231

n: 1285

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Other minds: future AI systems
Meaning of life: subjective	Accept	Reject
Accept	156	164
Reject	181	332

n: 833

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Aim of philosophy: wisdom
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Accept	Reject
Accept	51	190
Reject	373	611

n: 1225

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Grounds of intentionality: primitive
Meaning of life: objective	Accept	Reject
Accept	52	160
Reject	28	280

n: 520

p < 0.0001

Strongest correlations with demographic questions (target population)

r: 0.29	Philosopher: Aquinas
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	49	360
Reject	1	579

n: 989

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	98	442
Reject	30	780

n: 1350

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Philosopher: Hume
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	30	379
Reject	144	436

n: 989

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Philosopher: Aristotle
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	122	287
Reject	80	500

n: 989

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Philosopher: Plato
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	48	361
Reject	17	563

n: 989

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	25	533
Reject	103	691

n: 1352

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	11	259
Reject	116	948

n: 1334

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Philosopher: Carnap
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	7	402
Reject	55	525

n: 989

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Philosopher: Augustine
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	18	391
Reject	3	577

n: 989

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Philosopher: Reid
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	23	386
Reject	4	576

n: 989

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Philosopher: Hume
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	99	305
Reject	76	510

n: 990

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Philosopher: Plato
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	12	392
Reject	53	533

n: 990

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	AOS: Normative Ethics
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	145	395
Reject	128	682

n: 1350

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Region of PhD: United States
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	283	96
Reject	370	204

n: 953

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	AOS: Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	33	507
Reject	13	797

n: 1350

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Region of nationality: United States
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	307	200
Reject	379	392

n: 1278

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Philosopher: Carnap
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	24	181
Reject	39	737

n: 981

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	Region of affiliation: United States
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	346	202
Reject	430	389

n: 1367

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	AOS: Meta-Ethics
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	89	451
Reject	69	741

n: 1350

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	40	500
Reject	119	691

n: 1350

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Philosopher: Aristotle
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	24	181
Reject	175	601

n: 981

p: 0.0006

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Anscombe
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	23	386
Reject	9	571

n: 989

p: 0.0006

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Hobbes
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	8	197
Reject	5	771

n: 981

p: 0.0007

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Kierkegaard
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	16	393
Reject	3	577

n: 989

p: 0.0006

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Parfit
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	21	388
Reject	8	572

n: 989

p: 0.0007

r: -0.11	AOS: Philosophy of Biology
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	8	532
Reject	46	764

n: 1350

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Region of nationality: United States
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	119	146
Reject	559	441

n: 1265

p < 0.0001

r: 0.1	Philosopher: James
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	23	381
Reject	10	576

n: 990

p: 0.0011

r: 0.1	AOS: Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	47	493
Reject	33	777

n: 1350

p: 0.0002

r: -0.1	Philosopher: Aristotle
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	65	339
Reject	137	449

n: 990

p: 0.0013

r: -0.1	Region of PhD: Oceania
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	9	370
Reject	35	539

n: 953

p: 0.0016

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Dewey
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	22	382
Reject	15	571

n: 990

p: 0.0013

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Moore
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	21	388
Reject	9	571

n: 989

p: 0.0018

r: -0.1	AOS: Normative Ethics
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	37	233
Reject	228	836

n: 1334

p: 0.0005

r: -0.09	Region of PhD: United States
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	118	78
Reject	527	220

n: 943

p: 0.0042

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Quine
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	23	386
Reject	62	518

n: 989

p: 0.0038

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Leibniz
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	25	384
Reject	12	568

n: 989

p: 0.004

r: -0.09	Region of PhD: Canada
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	8	371
Reject	32	542

n: 953

p: 0.0056

r: 0.09	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	72	486
Reject	54	740

n: 1352

p: 0.0012

r: 0.09	Region of PhD: Oceania
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	17	179
Reject	29	718

n: 943

p: 0.0071

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Socrates
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	24	385
Reject	16	564

n: 989

p: 0.0063

r: -0.09	AOS: Metaphysics
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	99	459
Reject	192	602

n: 1352

p: 0.0015

r: 0.08	Region of PhD: Europe
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	46	345
Reject	45	519

n: 955

p: 0.0086

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Plato
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	7	198
Reject	57	719

n: 981

p: 0.009

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Hume
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	50	155
Reject	123	653

n: 981

p: 0.009

r: 0.08	Tradition: Other tradition
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	62	467
Reject	58	737

n: 1324

p: 0.0028

r: -0.08	AOS: Philosophy of Social Science
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	13	527
Reject	36	774

n: 1350

p: 0.0028

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Moore
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	5	399
Reject	26	560

n: 990

p: 0.0106

r: -0.08	AOS: Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	12	546
Reject	34	760

n: 1352

p: 0.003

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Kant
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	78	331
Reject	68	512

n: 989

p: 0.0118

r: -0.08	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	34	506
Reject	90	720

n: 1350

p: 0.0033

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Leibniz
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	8	396
Reject	29	557

n: 990

p: 0.0125

r: 0.08	Region of nationality: Europe
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	114	410
Reject	136	620

n: 1280

p: 0.0046

r: 0.08	AOS: Logic and Philosophy of Logic
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	32	238
Reject	79	985

n: 1334

p: 0.0045

r: -0.08	Region of nationality: Europe
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	84	423
Reject	165	606

n: 1278

p: 0.0062

r: 0.08	Region of PhD: United Kingdom
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	32	164
Reject	85	662

n: 943

p: 0.0197

r: -0.08	Region of affiliation: United States
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	141	133
Reject	623	454

n: 1351

p: 0.0053

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Nāgārjuna
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	6	199
Reject	4	772

n: 981

p: 0.0179

r: -0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Action
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	8	262
Reject	77	987

n: 1334

p: 0.0062

r: 0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	51	219
Reject	147	917

n: 1334

p: 0.0065

r: 0.07	Region of affiliation: Europe
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	101	463
Reject	114	691

n: 1369

p: 0.0061

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Kant
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	19	186
Reject	123	653

n: 981

p: 0.021

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Foucault
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	8	197
Reject	13	763

n: 981

p: 0.022

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Mill
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	30	374
Reject	21	565

n: 990

p: 0.0236

r: 0.07	AOS: Feminist Philosophy
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	38	520
Reject	28	766

n: 1352

p: 0.0082

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Davidson
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	19	385
Reject	11	575

n: 990

p: 0.0241

r: 0.07	Gender: female
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	130	425
Reject	139	653

n: 1347

p: 0.0086

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Merleau-Ponty
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	12	392
Reject	7	579

n: 990

p: 0.0253

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Heidegger
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	7	198
Reject	13	763

n: 981

p: 0.0271

r: 0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Action
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	47	493
Reject	41	769

n: 1350

p: 0.0096

r: -0.07	Region of affiliation: Canada
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	30	518
Reject	68	751

n: 1367

p: 0.0104

r: 0.07	AOS: Metaphysics
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	134	406
Reject	156	654

n: 1350

p: 0.011

r: 0.07	AOS: Philosophy of the Americas
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	6	552
Reject	2	792

n: 1352

p: 0.0124

r: -0.07	Gender: male
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	423	132
Reject	649	143

n: 1347

p: 0.0127

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Spinoza
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	6	403
Reject	20	560

n: 989

p: 0.0366

r: -0.07	AOS: Epistemology
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	118	440
Reject	198	596

n: 1352

p: 0.0153

r: 0.07	Region of nationality: Canada
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	30	235
Reject	65	935

n: 1265

p: 0.0191

r: -0.07	Region of affiliation: Europe
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	73	475
Reject	142	677

n: 1367

p: 0.015

r: -0.07	Region of nationality: Canada
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	29	478
Reject	68	703

n: 1278

p: 0.0197

r: -0.06	Region of PhD: United States
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	253	138
Reject	400	164

n: 955

p: 0.0464

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Popper
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	11	393
Reject	6	580

n: 990

p: 0.0495

r: 0.06	Region of nationality: United Kingdom
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	34	231
Reject	81	919

n: 1265

p: 0.0266

r: 0.06	AOS: Social and Political Philosophy
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	115	443
Reject	118	676

n: 1352

p: 0.0225

r: -0.06	AOS: Meta-Ethics
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	23	247
Reject	131	933

n: 1334

p: 0.0275

r: -0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	61	479
Reject	140	670

n: 1350

p: 0.0291

r: -0.06	Tradition: Other tradition
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	18	248
Reject	102	941

n: 1309

p: 0.0317

r: 0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Mathematics
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	12	258
Reject	20	1044

n: 1334

p: 0.032

r: -0.06	Region of nationality: United Kingdom
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	42	482
Reject	75	681

n: 1280

p: 0.0401

r: 0.06	AOS: Applied Ethics
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	88	470
Reject	97	697

n: 1352

p: 0.0364

r: 0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Biology
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	18	252
Reject	36	1028

n: 1334

p: 0.0383

r: -0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Physical Science
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	12	528
Reject	41	769

n: 1350

p: 0.0375

r: -0.06	Tradition: Continental
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	27	502
Reject	60	735

n: 1324

p: 0.0408

r: -0.06	AOS: Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	10	260
Reject	69	995

n: 1334

p: 0.041

r: -0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
Meaning of life: objective	Yes	No
Accept	12	528
Reject	30	780

n: 1350

p: 0.0401

r: -0.06	Region of affiliation: United States
Meaning of life: subjective	Yes	No
Accept	300	264
Reject	477	328

n: 1369

p: 0.0394

r: 0.06	Region of affiliation: United Kingdom
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	35	239
Reject	105	972

n: 1351

p: 0.0421

r: 0.05	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Meaning of life: nonexistent	Yes	No
Accept	42	228
Reject	116	948

n: 1334

p: 0.0449