Survey Results

Truth: deflationary, epistemic, or correspondence?

Population

AOS

Region

for

Exclude answers beyond respondent's first 50

Include skip/insufficiently familiar answers

1643 respondents

What the percentages mean: "Accept or lean toward P: 50% (40%)" means that 50% of respondents endorsed this answer inclusively (including multiple-answer endorsements) and 40% endorsed this answer exclusively (excluding multiple-answer endorsements).

These results should not be used for comparison to 2009 results due to different populations and parameters. For meaningful longitudinal comparisons, see the longitudinal analysis section.

Collapse accept and lean towards

Accept or lean towards:
correspondence

51.37% (48.33%)

Reject or lean against:
correspondence

0.55% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
deflationary

24.53% (22.22%)

Reject or lean against:
deflationary

0.67% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
epistemic

10.16% (8.76%)

Reject or lean against:
epistemic

1.95% (0.00%)

Accept a combination of views

3.90%

Accept an alternative view

5.54%

The question is too unclear to answer

2.43%

There is no fact of the matter

1.16%

Agnostic/undecided

6.63%

Other

1.03%

N = 1643, excluding skipped & insufficiently familiar (142 respondents)

Most popular option combinations

Options	Number of responses	% of responses
Accept or lean towards: correspondence Accept or lean towards: deflationary	28	1.70%
Accept or lean towards: correspondence Accept or lean towards: epistemic	14	0.85%
Accept or lean towards: deflationary Accept or lean towards: epistemic	6	0.37%
Accept or lean towards: correspondence	5	0.30%
Accept or lean towards: correspondence Accept or lean towards: deflationary Accept or lean towards: epistemic	3	0.18%

Alternative Views

119 target respondents indicated that they accept or lean toward an alternative view. The words used in their responses cluster as follows. These results are not filtered by AOS, region, etc.

PRAG (26): pragmatic (9) pragmatism (8) pragmatist (6) pragmatically (2) pragmatist-hermeneutic (1)
COHE (10): coherence (6) coherentist (2) coherentism (2)
PLUR (9): pluralism (9)
REAL (7): reality (3) realism (3) real (1)
PRIM (7): primitivism (6) primitive (1)
IDEN (6): identity (6)
CONC (5): conceptual (2) concerning (1) concept (1) conception (1)
HEID (4): heideggerian (2) heidegger (2)

Longitudinal comparison to 2009 survey

Comparison type

AOS

Geographic filters do not apply to this section.

Option

2009

2020

Change

Swing

Option

Accept or lean towards: correspondence

50.81%

44.44%

6.37

-3.40

2009	50.81%
2020	44.44%
Change	6.37
Swing	-3.40

Accept or lean towards: deflationary

24.81%

23.77%

1.04

1.91

2009	24.81%
2020	23.77%
Change	1.04
Swing	1.91

Accept or lean towards: epistemic

6.87%

5.4%

1.47

1.49

2009	6.87%
2020	5.4%
Change	1.47
Swing	1.49

Accept a combination of views

6.02%

3.4%

2.62

2009	6.02%
2020	3.4%
Change	2.62

Accept an alternative view

2.15%

3.86%

1.71

2009	2.15%
2020	3.86%
Change	1.71

The question is too unclear to answer

1.4%

2.31%

0.91

2009	1.4%
2020	2.31%
Change	0.91

There is no fact of the matter

0.21%

1.08%

0.87

2009	0.21%
2020	1.08%
Change	0.87

Insufficiently familiar with the issue

3.01%

6.79%

3.78

2009	3.01%
2020	6.79%
Change	3.78

Agnostic/undecided

3.44%

7.72%

4.28

2009	3.44%
2020	7.72%
Change	4.28

Skipped

0.86%

0.46%

0.40

2009	0.86%
2020	0.46%
Change	0.40

Other

0.43%

0.77%

0.34

2009	0.43%
2020	0.77%
Change	0.34

N (2020) = 648
N (2009) = 931

Weighted values

Option	2009	2020	Change
Correspondence	52.28	48.65	3.63
Deflationary	30.69	31.52	0.83
Epistemic	18.13	18.87	0.74

Strongest correlations with main questions (target population)

r: 0.5	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	214	128
Reject	39	194

n: 575

p < 0.0001

r: -0.46	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	29	148
Reject	224	172

n: 573

p < 0.0001

r: 0.41	Metaontology: deflationary realism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	101	76
Reject	79	316

n: 572

p < 0.0001

r: -0.4	Theory of reference: deflationary
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	23	382
Reject	96	183

n: 684

p < 0.0001

r: -0.39	Metaontology: deflationary realism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	69	272
Reject	112	121

n: 574

p < 0.0001

r: 0.39	Theory of reference: deflationary
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	85	119
Reject	34	445

n: 683

p < 0.0001

r: 0.34	Metaontology: anti-realism
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	39
Reject	54	459

n: 570

p < 0.0001

r: 0.3	Grounds of intentionality: interpretational
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	47	122
Reject	38	367

n: 574

p < 0.0001

r: 0.28	Moral judgment: cognitivism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	632	133
Reject	349	210

n: 1324

p < 0.0001

r: 0.28	True contradictions: actual
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	39
Reject	67	625

n: 752

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Theory of reference: causal
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	264	148
Reject	107	174

n: 693

p < 0.0001

r: -0.27	Moral judgment: cognitivism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	214	143
Reject	766	199

n: 1322

p < 0.0001

r: -0.27	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	178	178
Reject	744	258

n: 1358

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Morality: expressivism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	59	172
Reject	39	560

n: 830

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	607	192
Reject	317	244

n: 1360

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	111	299
Reject	19	235

n: 664

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Laws of nature: Humean
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	162	182
Reject	249	666

n: 1259

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	True contradictions: impossible
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	26	34
Reject	553	139

n: 752

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Theory of reference: causal
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	79	126
Reject	292	195

n: 692

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Continuum hypothesis: determinate
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	117	113
Reject	48	120

n: 398

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Knowledge claims: invariantism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	252	439
Reject	89	418

n: 1198

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Extended mind: yes
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	206	252
Reject	203	102

n: 763

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	501	293
Reject	242	340

n: 1376

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Grounds of intentionality: interpretational
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	318
Reject	57	173

n: 576

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	169
Reject	119	364

n: 663

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Science: scientific realism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	701	100
Reject	382	162

n: 1345

p < 0.0001

r: -0.24	Laws of nature: Humean
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	187	541
Reject	225	307

n: 1260

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Abstract objects: Platonism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	388	342
Reject	175	358

n: 1263

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Consciousness: panpsychism
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	15	57
Reject	47	676

n: 795

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Grounds of intentionality: causal/teleological
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	165	183
Reject	64	164

n: 576

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Knowledge claims: invariantism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	57	261
Reject	284	593

n: 1195

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Morality: expressivism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	460
Reject	64	273

n: 831

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Morality: non-naturalism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	184	308
Reject	58	278

n: 828

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	35
Reject	56	361

n: 470

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Hard problem of consciousness: yes
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	119	118
Reject	422	171

n: 830

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Material composition: nihilism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	260
Reject	21	133

n: 431

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	9	48
Reject	244	272

n: 573

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Values in science: necessarily value-laden
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	62	31
Reject	278	411

n: 782

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Properties: nonexistent
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	29	132
Reject	26	422

n: 609

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Free will: compatibilism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	289	87
Reject	593	422

n: 1391

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Moral principles: moral generalism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	315	146
Reject	160	179

n: 800

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Hard problem of consciousness: yes
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	356	146
Reject	186	143

n: 831

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Response to external-world skepticism: pragmatic
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	38
Reject	145	525

n: 740

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Moral principles: moral generalism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	104	121
Reject	370	204

n: 799

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Continuum hypothesis: determinate
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	36	86
Reject	129	146

n: 397

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Free will: libertarianism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	35	340
Reject	247	766

n: 1388

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Other minds: plants
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	68
Reject	38	757

n: 880

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	External world: idealism
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	20	126
Reject	73	1182

n: 1401

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Meaning of life: objective
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	76	228
Reject	407	474

n: 1185

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Metaontology: anti-realism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	22	318
Reject	50	182

n: 572

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	A priori knowledge: yes
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	676	129
Reject	415	176

n: 1396

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Free will: libertarianism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	220	582
Reject	64	525

n: 1391

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Justification: coherentism
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	40
Reject	161	519

n: 754

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Semantic content: radical contextualism (most or all)
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	66	309
Reject	92	170

n: 637

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Arguments for theism: cosmological
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	136	308
Reject	48	234

n: 726

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Science: scientific realism
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	96	47
Reject	983	215

n: 1341

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Properties: nonexistent
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	25	370
Reject	30	185

n: 610

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Chinese room: understands
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	69	158
Reject	93	496

n: 816

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Consciousness: dualism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	156	332
Reject	46	261

n: 795

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Morality: constructivism
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	35	50
Reject	143	602

n: 830

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Abortion: permissible
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	414	117
Reject	350	35

n: 916

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Propositions: nonexistent
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	133
Reject	60	393

n: 640

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Morality: non-naturalism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	37	190
Reject	205	395

n: 827

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Arguments for theism: cosmological
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	33	158
Reject	150	384

n: 725

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Free will: compatibilism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	453	351
Reject	430	160

n: 1394

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Politics: capitalism
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	13	71
Reject	273	427

n: 784

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	External world: non-skeptical realism
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	109	36
Reject	1100	152

n: 1397

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Material composition: nihilism
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	5	27
Reject	33	364

n: 429

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Extended mind: yes
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	133	81
Reject	274	273

n: 761

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Semantic content: radical contextualism (most or all)
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	29	32
Reject	128	446

n: 635

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Meaning of life: objective
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	333	366
Reject	151	336

n: 1186

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	External world: skepticism
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	129
Reject	68	1186

n: 1400

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Extended mind: yes
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	59	19
Reject	347	335

n: 760

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	External world: non-skeptical realism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	751	72
Reject	461	116

n: 1400

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Continuum hypothesis: determinate
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	13	31
Reject	152	201

n: 397

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Immortality: yes
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	295	227
Reject	138	221

n: 881

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Propositional attitudes: representational
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	232	157
Reject	108	155

n: 652

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Propositions: nonexistent
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	346
Reject	60	181

n: 641

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Concepts: nativism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	157	240
Reject	61	198

n: 656

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Chinese room: understands
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	73	419
Reject	89	235

n: 816

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Abstract objects: Platonism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	122	225
Reject	440	475

n: 1262

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Abortion: permissible
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	232	25
Reject	530	127

n: 914

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Analysis of knowledge: no analysis
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	109	135
Reject	163	433

n: 840

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Justification: coherentism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	92	363
Reject	103	197

n: 755

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Values in science: necessarily value-free
Truth: epistemic	Accept	Reject
Accept	8	85
Reject	142	547

n: 782

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Consciousness: dualism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	181
Reject	170	411

n: 794

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Spacetime: relationism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	129	175
Reject	111	91

n: 506

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	True contradictions: impossible
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	388	83
Reject	193	90

n: 754

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Knowledge claims: contextualism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	365	327
Reject	334	174

n: 1200

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Science: scientific realism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	256	94
Reject	826	166

n: 1342

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Values in science: necessarily value-laden
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	163	284
Reject	177	160

n: 784

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Wittgenstein: early
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	146	293
Reject	67	249

n: 755

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Morality: constructivism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	74	421
Reject	106	231

n: 832

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Material composition: nihilism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	16	102
Reject	22	290

n: 430

p: 0.0003

r: 0.17	Response to external-world skepticism: abductive
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	122	314
Reject	59	244

n: 739

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	171	284
Reject	52	247

n: 754

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	God: theism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	43	334
Reject	243	774

n: 1394

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning
Truth: correspondence	Accept	Reject
Accept	77	328
Reject	76	178

n: 659

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Perceptual experience: disjunctivism
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	70	200
Reject	107	644

n: 1021

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	A priori knowledge: yes
Truth: deflationary	Accept	Reject
Accept	267	111
Reject	824	192

n: 1394

p < 0.0001

Strongest correlations with demographic questions (target population)

r: -0.21	Philosopher: Wittgenstein
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	29	566
Reject	70	393

n: 1058

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Tradition: Analytic
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	102	56
Reject	1134	123

n: 1415

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Philosopher: Wittgenstein
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	51	242
Reject	48	715

n: 1056

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	AOS: Metaphysics
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	9	152
Reject	312	956

n: 1429

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Tradition: Continental
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	26	132
Reject	42	1215

n: 1415

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	103	724
Reject	25	581

n: 1433

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Gender: male
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	113	50
Reject	1040	230

n: 1433

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	AOS: 19th Century Philosophy
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	16	811
Reject	46	560

n: 1433

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Gender: female
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	49	114
Reject	225	1045

n: 1433

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Philosopher: Russell
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	58	537
Reject	14	449

n: 1058

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Merleau-Ponty
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	10	126
Reject	10	909

n: 1055

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Tradition: Analytic
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	739	74
Reject	501	105

n: 1419

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Aquinas
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	40	555
Reject	9	454

n: 1058

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Aristotle
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	141	454
Reject	63	400

n: 1058

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	19	370
Reject	109	932

n: 1430

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	AOS: Metaphysics
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	221	606
Reject	100	506

n: 1433

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	AOS: 20th Century Philosophy
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	36	791
Reject	65	541

n: 1433

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Philosopher: Aristotle
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	33	260
Reject	171	592

n: 1056

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	AOS: 19th Century Philosophy
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	20	141
Reject	42	1226

n: 1429

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Philosopher: Quine
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	44	249
Reject	53	710

n: 1056

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Tradition: Other tradition
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	30	128
Reject	81	1176

n: 1415

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	10	151
Reject	118	1150

n: 1429

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Philosopher: Locke
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	26	569
Reject	6	457

n: 1058

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Beauvoir
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	7	129
Reject	10	909

n: 1055

p: 0.0004

r: 0.11	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	19	142
Reject	38	1230

n: 1429

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Marx
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	12	124
Reject	27	892

n: 1055

p: 0.0004

r: -0.11	Tradition: Continental
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	23	790
Reject	45	561

n: 1419

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Rorty
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	7	286
Reject	5	758

n: 1056

p: 0.0006

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Sellars
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	9	284
Reject	5	758

n: 1056

p: 0.0006

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Carnap
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	30	263
Reject	40	723

n: 1056

p: 0.0007

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Peirce
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	7	129
Reject	12	907

n: 1055

p: 0.0007

r: 0.1	AOS: Applied Ethics
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	32	129
Reject	154	1114

n: 1429

p < 0.0001

r: 0.1	AOS: Social and Political Philosophy
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	42	119
Reject	192	1076

n: 1429

p < 0.0001

r: -0.1	Philosopher: Hegel
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	7	588
Reject	19	444

n: 1058

p: 0.0011

r: -0.1	Philosopher: Russell
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	12	281
Reject	60	703

n: 1056

p: 0.0012

r: -0.1	Philosopher: Nietzsche
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	9	586
Reject	20	443

n: 1058

p: 0.0012

r: 0.1	AOS: Feminist Philosophy
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	12	149
Reject	44	1224

n: 1429

p: 0.0002

r: -0.1	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	10	151
Reject	223	1045

n: 1429

p: 0.0002

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Plato
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	47	548
Reject	14	449

n: 1058

p: 0.0013

r: 0.09	Region of affiliation: United States
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	499	342
Reject	332	292

n: 1465

p: 0.0003

r: 0.09	AOS: 19th Century Philosophy
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	26	363
Reject	36	1005

n: 1430

p: 0.0004

r: 0.09	AOS: 20th Century Philosophy
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	45	344
Reject	56	985

n: 1430

p: 0.0005

r: 0.09	Philosopher: James
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	11	125
Reject	27	892

n: 1055

p: 0.0031

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Beauvoir
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	5	590
Reject	12	451

n: 1058

p: 0.0032

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Nietzsche
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	15	278
Reject	14	749

n: 1056

p: 0.0034

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Plato
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	5	288
Reject	56	707

n: 1056

p: 0.0041

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Frege
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	6	130
Reject	77	842

n: 1055

p: 0.0043

r: -0.09	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	19	808
Reject	38	568

n: 1433

p: 0.0009

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Moore
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	27	568
Reject	8	455

n: 1058

p: 0.0051

r: -0.09	Region of affiliation: Canada
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	42	799
Reject	54	570

n: 1465

p: 0.001

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Quine
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	48	547
Reject	50	413

n: 1058

p: 0.0063

r: 0.08	Region of PhD: United States
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	414	166
Reject	287	148

n: 1015

p: 0.0085

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Reid
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	24	571
Reject	7	456

n: 1058

p: 0.0082

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Foucault
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	8	285
Reject	6	757

n: 1056

p: 0.0085

r: -0.08	Tradition: Other tradition
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	51	762
Reject	60	546

n: 1419

p: 0.0024

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Descartes
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	5	288
Reject	41	722

n: 1056

p: 0.0099

r: 0.08	AOS: Philosophy of Gender, Race, and Sexuality
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	10	151
Reject	31	1237

n: 1429

p: 0.0027

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Du Bois
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	8	285
Reject	3	760

n: 1056

p: 0.0102

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Nāgārjuna
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	5	288
Reject	5	758

n: 1056

p: 0.0106

r: 0.08	AOS: Normative Ethics
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	187	640
Reject	104	502

n: 1433

p: 0.0032

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Descartes
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	35	560
Reject	11	452

n: 1058

p: 0.0142

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Marx
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	15	580
Reject	24	439

n: 1058

p: 0.0152

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Peirce
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	6	589
Reject	13	450

n: 1058

p: 0.0154

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Merleau-Ponty
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	5	590
Reject	15	448

n: 1058

p: 0.0155

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Hume
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	67	226
Reject	128	635

n: 1056

p: 0.0156

r: 0.07	AOS: Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	31	796
Reject	10	596

n: 1433

p: 0.0052

r: 0.07	Region of nationality: United Kingdom
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	48	329
Reject	82	895

n: 1354

p: 0.0068

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Carnap
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	28	567
Reject	42	421

n: 1058

p: 0.017

r: -0.07	AOS: Normative Ethics
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	61	328
Reject	230	811

n: 1430

p: 0.0057

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Parfit
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	32	563
Reject	7	456

n: 1058

p: 0.0176

r: 0.07	Region of affiliation: United Kingdom
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	54	345
Reject	109	954

n: 1462

p: 0.0054

r: 0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Mind
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	194	633
Reject	107	499

n: 1433

p: 0.0064

r: -0.07	AOS: Epistemology
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	30	131
Reject	321	947

n: 1429

p: 0.0075

r: 0.07	Region of affiliation: Canada
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	19	145
Reject	76	1221

n: 1461

p: 0.0073

r: -0.07	Region of PhD: United States
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	176	102
Reject	524	211

n: 1013

p: 0.0266

r: 0.07	AOS: 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	22	139
Reject	114	1154

n: 1429

p: 0.0085

r: -0.07	AOS: Meta-Ethics
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	10	151
Reject	191	1077

n: 1429

p: 0.0087

r: -0.07	Region of PhD: Canada
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	17	563
Reject	24	411

n: 1015

p: 0.0284

r: -0.07	AOS: Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	6	383
Reject	35	1006

n: 1430

p: 0.0093

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Dewey
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	12	583
Reject	21	442

n: 1058

p: 0.0254

r: 0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	82	307
Reject	154	887

n: 1430

p: 0.0098

r: 0.07	AOS: Aesthetics
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	15	146
Reject	58	1210

n: 1429

p: 0.0128

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Leibniz
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	29	566
Reject	11	452

n: 1058

p: 0.0377

r: 0.06	Region of nationality: United States
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	422	359
Reject	290	286

n: 1357

p: 0.0191

r: -0.06	Region of affiliation: United States
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	205	194
Reject	625	438

n: 1462

p: 0.0152

r: -0.06	Philosopher: Aristotle
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	20	116
Reject	184	735

n: 1055

p: 0.0394

r: -0.06	Philosopher: Quine
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	6	130
Reject	92	827

n: 1055

p: 0.0446

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Hegel
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	9	127
Reject	17	902

n: 1055

p: 0.0457

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Carnap
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	11	125
Reject	57	862

n: 1055

p: 0.0467

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Dewey
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	9	127
Reject	24	895

n: 1055

p: 0.0479

r: 0.06	Region of nationality: Canada
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	16	136
Reject	85	1118

n: 1355

p: 0.0368

r: -0.06	AOS: Asian Philosophy
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	9	818
Reject	17	589

n: 1433

p: 0.0318

r: -0.05	AOS: Metaphysics
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	81	308
Reject	240	801

n: 1430

p: 0.0386

r: -0.05	AOS: Social and Political Philosophy
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	119	708
Reject	115	491

n: 1433

p: 0.0402

r: 0.05	AOS: Philosophy of Biology
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	12	149
Reject	42	1226

n: 1429

p: 0.0406

r: 0.05	AOS: Asian Philosophy
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	7	154
Reject	19	1249

n: 1429

p: 0.0425

r: -0.05	Region of affiliation: United States
Truth: epistemic	Yes	No
Accept	84	80
Reject	747	550

n: 1461

p: 0.0407

r: -0.05	Gender: female
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	140	679
Reject	134	482

n: 1435

p: 0.044

r: 0.05	AOS: Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy
Truth: correspondence	Yes	No
Accept	55	772
Reject	29	577

n: 1433

p: 0.0474

r: 0.05	AOS: Metaphilosophy
Truth: deflationary	Yes	No
Accept	25	364
Reject	37	1004

n: 1430

p: 0.048