Survey Results

A priori knowledge: no or yes?

Population

AOS

Region

for

Exclude answers beyond respondent's first 50

Include skip/insufficiently familiar answers

1749 respondents

What the percentages mean: "Accept or lean toward P: 50% (40%)" means that 50% of respondents endorsed this answer inclusively (including multiple-answer endorsements) and 40% endorsed this answer exclusively (excluding multiple-answer endorsements).

These results should not be used for comparison to 2009 results due to different populations and parameters. For meaningful longitudinal comparisons, see the longitudinal analysis section.

Collapse accept and lean towards

Accept or lean towards:
yes

72.84% (72.67%)

Reject or lean against:
yes

0.06% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
no

18.47% (18.30%)

Reject or lean against:
no

0.06% (0.00%)

Accept a combination of views

0.34%

Accept an alternative view

1.49%

The question is too unclear to answer

3.43%

There is no fact of the matter

0.40%

Agnostic/undecided

3.03%

Other

0.34%

N = 1749, excluding skipped & insufficiently familiar (36 respondents)

Alternative Views

34 target respondents indicated that they accept or lean toward an alternative view. The words used in their responses cluster as follows. These results are not filtered by AOS, region, etc.

DEPE (4): depends (4)

Longitudinal comparison to 2009 survey

Comparison type

AOS

Geographic filters do not apply to this section.

Option

2009

2020

Change

Swing

Option

Accept or lean towards: yes

71.11%

74.85%

3.74

4.26

2009	71.11%
2020	74.85%
Change	3.74
Swing	4.26

Accept or lean towards: no

18.37%

13.58%

4.79

-4.26

2009	18.37%
2020	13.58%
Change	4.79
Swing	-4.26

Accept a combination of views

1.72%

0.15%

1.57

2009	1.72%
2020	0.15%
Change	1.57

Accept an alternative view

0.86%

0.77%

0.09

2009	0.86%
2020	0.77%
Change	0.09

The question is too unclear to answer

4.62%

4.63%

0.01

2009	4.62%
2020	4.63%
Change	0.01

There is no fact of the matter

0.32%

0.15%

0.17

2009	0.32%
2020	0.15%
Change	0.17

Insufficiently familiar with the issue

0.64%

1.54%

0.90

2009	0.64%
2020	1.54%
Change	0.90

Agnostic/undecided

1.61%

3.09%

1.48

2009	1.61%
2020	3.09%
Change	1.48

Skipped

0.54%

0.93%

0.39

2009	0.54%
2020	0.93%
Change	0.39

Other

0.21%

0.31%

0.10

2009	0.21%
2020	0.31%
Change	0.10

N (2020) = 648
N (2009) = 931

Weighted values

Option	2009	2020	Change
Yes	74.88	72.18	2.70
No	21.26	23.52	2.26

Strongest correlations with main questions (target population)

r: 0.5	Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	930	257
Reject	95	242

n: 1524

p < 0.0001

r: -0.36	Knowledge: empiricism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	463	497
Reject	250	48

n: 1258

p < 0.0001

r: 0.33	Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	708	473
Reject	110	242

n: 1533

p < 0.0001

r: 0.32	Abstract objects: Platonism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	560	512
Reject	59	248

n: 1379

p < 0.0001

r: 0.29	Hard problem of consciousness: yes
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	513	195
Reject	87	115

n: 910

p < 0.0001

r: -0.28	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	489	484
Reject	229	67

n: 1269

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Concepts: nativism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	211	328
Reject	25	144

n: 708

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Consciousness: dualism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	205	473
Reject	14	171

n: 863

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Propositions: nonexistent
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	68	477
Reject	46	92

n: 683

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Morality: non-naturalism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	253	461
Reject	15	182

n: 911

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Moral judgment: cognitivism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	894	252
Reject	175	130

n: 1451

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	230	233
Reject	33	104

n: 600

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Meta-ethics: moral realism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	839	327
Reject	173	158

n: 1497

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Laws of nature: Humean
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	303	785
Reject	144	156

n: 1388

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Philosophical methods: conceptual analysis
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	942	239
Reject	227	125

n: 1533

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Mind: physicalism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	611	543
Reject	231	89

n: 1474

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	216	438
Reject	21	131

n: 806

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Method in history of philosophy: analytic/rational reconstruction
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	444	183
Reject	97	93

n: 817

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Truth: correspondence
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	676	415
Reject	129	176

n: 1396

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Meaning of life: objective
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	455	552
Reject	69	228

n: 1304

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Interlevel metaphysics: grounding
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	186	298
Reject	23	100

n: 607

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	True contradictions: actual
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	71	603
Reject	38	121

n: 833

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	True contradictions: impossible
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	536	138
Reject	96	63

n: 833

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Response to external-world skepticism: pragmatic
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	128	509
Reject	62	106

n: 805

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Method in political philosophy: ideal theory
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	201	316
Reject	42	117

n: 676

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	124	448
Reject	11	131

n: 714

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Well-being: hedonism/experientialism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	72	565
Reject	44	133

n: 814

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Semantic content: radical contextualism (most or all)
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	117	424
Reject	69	88

n: 698

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Immortality: yes
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	408	363
Reject	72	140

n: 983

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Metaontology: deflationary realism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	130	332
Reject	57	80

n: 599

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Aesthetic value: objective
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	585	514
Reject	111	190

n: 1400

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Possible worlds: nonexistent
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	206	543
Reject	89	108

n: 946

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Philosophical knowledge: none
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	753
Reject	18	193

n: 982

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Possible worlds: abstract
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	477	272
Reject	89	108

n: 946

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Continuum hypothesis: determinate
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	152	187
Reject	20	66

n: 425

p: 0.0002

r: 0.18	Propositions: structured entities
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	262	284
Reject	39	100

n: 685

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Well-being: objective list
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	405	234
Reject	79	97

n: 815

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Consciousness: eliminativism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	658
Reject	24	161

n: 862

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Practical reason: Humean
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	175	417
Reject	80	92

n: 764

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Truth: deflationary
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	267	824
Reject	111	192

n: 1394

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Quantum mechanics: hidden-variables
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	103	277
Reject	14	93

n: 487

p: 0.0002

r: 0.17	Wittgenstein: early
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	200	440
Reject	32	159

n: 831

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Zombies: inconceivable
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	163	905
Reject	85	200

n: 1353

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Zombies: metaphysically possible
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	332	736
Reject	47	237

n: 1352

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Theory of reference: deflationary
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	80	495
Reject	44	109

n: 728

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Knowledge claims: invariantism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	312	690
Reject	55	236

n: 1293

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Extended mind: yes
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	332	329
Reject	124	60

n: 845

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Hume: skeptic
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	246	333
Reject	55	132

n: 766

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Truth: epistemic
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	102	986
Reject	51	253

n: 1392

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Practical reason: Kantian
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	141	451
Reject	16	155

n: 763

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Response to external-world skepticism: dogmatist
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	115	518
Reject	9	156

n: 798

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Grounds of intentionality: primitive
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	84	394
Reject	11	133

n: 622

p: 0.0002

r: 0.15	Properties: transcendent universals
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	139	394
Reject	10	118

n: 661

p: 0.0002

r: -0.15	Experience machine: yes
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	136	993
Reject	71	243

n: 1443

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Philosophical knowledge: a lot
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	493	279
Reject	106	106

n: 984

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Properties: nonexistent
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	42	489
Reject	19	109

n: 659

p: 0.0002

r: -0.15	Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	706	475
Reject	266	86

n: 1533

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Propositional attitudes: nonexistent
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	12	516
Reject	12	138

n: 678

p: 0.0002

r: 0.14	Moral principles: moral generalism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	434	275
Reject	77	93

n: 879

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Justification: reliabilism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	224	429
Reject	78	76

n: 807

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Morality: constructivism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	139	578
Reject	60	135

n: 912

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Justification: coherentism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	159	495
Reject	55	97

n: 806

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	God: theism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	276	924
Reject	43	301

n: 1544

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Science: scientific realism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	933	212
Reject	222	96

n: 1463

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Material composition: nihilism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	35	353
Reject	12	67

n: 467

p: 0.0049

r: -0.13	Morality: error theory
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	38	677
Reject	14	183

n: 912

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Personal identity: further-fact view
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	203	792
Reject	28	239

n: 1262

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Meaning of life: nonexistent
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	175	816
Reject	83	215

n: 1289

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Epistemic justification: internalism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	459	610
Reject	96	212

n: 1377

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Normative ethics: deontology
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	458	664
Reject	79	225

n: 1426

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Chinese room: understands
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	132	589
Reject	43	135

n: 899

p: 0.0002

r: 0.12	Philosophical methods: formal philosophy
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	735	446
Reject	178	174

n: 1533

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Propositional attitudes: representational
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	290	249
Reject	64	88

n: 691

p: 0.0018

r: -0.12	True contradictions: possible but non-actual
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	640
Reject	7	152

n: 833

p: 0.0008

r: -0.12	Normative ethics: consequentialism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	364	757
Reject	131	174

n: 1426

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Analysis of knowledge: other analysis
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	274	466
Reject	48	131

n: 919

p: 0.0005

r: 0.11	Arguments for theism: cosmological
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	182	465
Reject	24	133

n: 804

p: 0.0012

r: 0.11	Semantic content: moderate contextualism (intermediate)
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	318	223
Reject	72	85

n: 698

p: 0.0026

r: -0.11	External world: skepticism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	58	1141
Reject	32	302

n: 1533

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	377	804
Reject	149	203

n: 1533

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Consciousness: identity theory
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	91	587
Reject	38	147

n: 863

p: 0.0012

r: 0.11	Causation: primitive
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	153	455
Reject	25	140

n: 773

p: 0.0022

r: 0.11	Free will: libertarianism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	270	921
Reject	46	302

n: 1539

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Abortion: permissible
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	658	145
Reject	204	23

n: 1030

p: 0.0005

r: 0.11	Arguments for theism: design
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	155	492
Reject	24	133

n: 804

p: 0.0022

r: -0.11	Spacetime: relationism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	209	243
Reject	58	41

n: 551

p: 0.0116

r: -0.11	Metaontology: anti-realism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	49	412
Reject	26	111

n: 598

p: 0.0085

r: 0.11	Capital punishment: permissible
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	159	627
Reject	30	199

n: 1015

p: 0.0007

r: -0.1	Philosophical knowledge: a little
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	255	517
Reject	85	127

n: 984

p: 0.001

r: -0.1	Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	186	386
Reject	56	85

n: 713

p: 0.0054

r: 0.1	Belief or credence: belief
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	196	351
Reject	34	108

n: 689

p: 0.0068

r: -0.1	Knowledge claims: contextualism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	563	442
Reject	187	104

n: 1296

p: 0.0002

r: -0.1	Arguments for theism: pragmatic
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	98	539
Reject	35	121

n: 793

p: 0.0047

r: 0.1	Politics: capitalism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	258	425
Reject	56	133

n: 872

p: 0.0036

r: 0.1	Gender categories: preserve
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	158	506
Reject	34	156

n: 854

p: 0.0049

r: -0.1	Morality: expressivism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	74	641
Reject	25	172

n: 912

p: 0.0041

r: -0.09	Morality: naturalist realism
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	234	485
Reject	73	123

n: 915

p: 0.0041

r: 0.09	Semantic content: minimalism (no more than a few)
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	64	477
Reject	6	151

n: 698

p: 0.0123

r: -0.09	Meaning of life: subjective
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	391	616
Reject	143	155

n: 1305

p: 0.0006

r: 0.09	Philosophical progress: a lot
A priori knowledge: yes	Accept	Reject
Accept	576	631
Reject	129	210

n: 1546

p: 0.0002

Strongest correlations with demographic questions (target population)

r: -0.19	Philosopher: Dewey
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	15	890
Reject	28	251

n: 1184

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Philosopher: Quine
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	50	855
Reject	47	232

n: 1184

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Tradition: Analytic
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	1071	158
Reject	274	86

n: 1589

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Philosopher: Kant
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	153	752
Reject	19	260

n: 1184

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	AOS: Meta-Ethics
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	185	1058
Reject	25	340

n: 1608

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	AOS: Philosophy of Social Science
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	30	1213
Reject	25	340

n: 1608

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	101	1142
Reject	54	311

n: 1608

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Lewis
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	102	803
Reject	10	269

n: 1184

p: 0.0002

r: 0.11	AOS: Metaphysics
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	299	944
Reject	51	314

n: 1608

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Tradition: Continental
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	64	1165
Reject	39	321

n: 1589

p < 0.0001

r: -0.1	Philosopher: Foucault
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	11	894
Reject	13	266

n: 1184

p: 0.0005

r: -0.1	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	117	1126
Reject	61	304

n: 1608

p < 0.0001

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Frege
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	81	824
Reject	10	269

n: 1184

p: 0.0009

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Descartes
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	43	862
Reject	3	276

n: 1184

p: 0.0014

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Moore
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	37	868
Reject	2	277

n: 1184

p: 0.0014

r: -0.09	Region of PhD: Europe
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	76	816
Reject	35	212

n: 1139

p: 0.0019

r: -0.09	Tradition: Other tradition
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	94	1135
Reject	47	313

n: 1589

p: 0.0003

r: 0.09	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	117	1126
Reject	19	346

n: 1608

p: 0.0003

r: 0.09	Region of PhD: United States
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	629	263
Reject	152	95

n: 1139

p: 0.0028

r: -0.09	AOS: Philosophy of Physical Science
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	39	1204
Reject	24	341

n: 1608

p: 0.0004

r: -0.09	AOS: Philosophy of Biology
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	34	1209
Reject	26	339

n: 1608

p: 0.0004

r: 0.09	AOS: Philosophy of Language
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	225	1018
Reject	43	322

n: 1608

p: 0.0004

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Hume
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	137	768
Reject	63	216

n: 1184

p: 0.0032

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Reid
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	30	875
Reject	2	277

n: 1184

p: 0.0032

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Rorty
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	5	900
Reject	8	271

n: 1184

p: 0.0039

r: 0.08	AOS: Normative Ethics
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	280	963
Reject	53	312

n: 1608

p: 0.0011

r: -0.08	AOS: Feminist Philosophy
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	48	1195
Reject	28	337

n: 1608

p: 0.0012

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Leibniz
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	38	867
Reject	3	276

n: 1184

p: 0.0058

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Peirce
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	12	893
Reject	9	270

n: 1184

p: 0.0099

r: -0.07	AOS: Continental Philosophy
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	55	1188
Reject	26	339

n: 1608

p: 0.0039

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Austin
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	5	900
Reject	4	275

n: 1184

p: 0.0133

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Nietzsche
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	24	881
Reject	15	264

n: 1184

p: 0.0135

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Plato
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	61	844
Reject	10	269

n: 1184

p: 0.0136

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Popper
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	8	897
Reject	8	271

n: 1184

p: 0.0163

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Du Bois
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	5	900
Reject	7	272

n: 1184

p: 0.0188

r: -0.07	AOS: Philosophy of the Americas
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	5	1238
Reject	5	360

n: 1608

p: 0.0062

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Wittgenstein
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	74	831
Reject	34	245

n: 1184

p: 0.0202

r: 0.07	AOS: Epistemology
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	306	937
Reject	75	290

n: 1608

p: 0.0081

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Russell
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	67	838
Reject	9	270

n: 1184

p: 0.033

r: -0.06	Region of nationality: Europe
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	230	946
Reject	78	265

n: 1519

p: 0.017

r: -0.06	Region of affiliation: Europe
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	191	1073
Reject	68	300

n: 1632

p: 0.0147

r: 0.06	AOS: Logic and Philosophy of Logic
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	123	1120
Reject	21	344

n: 1608

p: 0.0166

r: -0.06	AOS: Social and Political Philosophy
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	196	1047
Reject	74	291

n: 1608

p: 0.0179

r: -0.06	Philosopher: Beauvoir
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	14	891
Reject	9	270

n: 1184

p: 0.0475

r: -0.05	AOS: Asian Philosophy
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	22	1221
Reject	12	353

n: 1608

p: 0.0287

r: 0.05	AOS: Philosophy of Action
A priori knowledge: yes	Yes	No
Accept	91	1152
Reject	14	351

n: 1608

p: 0.0456