Survey Results

Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism, set-theoretic, logicism, structuralism, or formalism?

Population

AOS

Region

for

Exclude answers beyond respondent's first 50

Include skip/insufficiently familiar answers

600 respondents

What the percentages mean: "Accept or lean toward P: 50% (40%)" means that 50% of respondents endorsed this answer inclusively (including multiple-answer endorsements) and 40% endorsed this answer exclusively (excluding multiple-answer endorsements).

These results should not be used for comparison to 2009 results due to different populations and parameters. For meaningful longitudinal comparisons, see the longitudinal analysis section.

Collapse accept and lean towards

Accept or lean towards:
constructivism/intuitionism

15.33% (13.67%)

Reject or lean against:
constructivism/intuitionism

3.33% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
formalism

6.17% (5.17%)

Reject or lean against:
formalism

3.50% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
logicism

11.83% (10.33%)

Reject or lean against:
logicism

2.50% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
structuralism

21.17% (17.83%)

Reject or lean against:
structuralism

1.17% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
set-theoretic

15.33% (13.00%)

Reject or lean against:
set-theoretic

2.00% (0.00%)

Accept a combination of views

5.67%

Accept an alternative view

7.33%

The question is too unclear to answer

1.17%

There is no fact of the matter

2.00%

Agnostic/undecided

23.33%

Other

0.50%

N = 600, excluding skipped & insufficiently familiar (522 respondents)

Most popular option combinations

Options	Number of responses	% of responses
Accept or lean towards: structuralism Accept or lean towards: set-theoretic	6	1.00%
Accept or lean towards: structuralism	3	0.50%
Accept or lean towards: logicism Accept or lean towards: structuralism	2	0.33%
Accept or lean towards: logicism Accept or lean towards: set-theoretic	2	0.33%
Accept or lean towards: constructivism/intuitionism Accept or lean towards: structuralism Accept or lean towards: set-theoretic	2	0.33%

Alternative Views

58 target respondents indicated that they accept or lean toward an alternative view. The words used in their responses cluster as follows. These results are not filtered by AOS, region, etc.

PLAT (15): platonism (13) platonis (1) platonic (1)
REAL (5): realism (5)
FICT (3): fictionalism (3)
WITT (3): wittgenstein (3)
ARIS (3): aristotelian (3)

Longitudinal comparison to 2009 survey

This question was not in the 2009 survey

Strongest correlations with main questions (target population)

r: 0.35	Metaontology: anti-realism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	33
Reject	29	258

n: 344

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Consciousness: eliminativism
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Accept	Reject
Accept	5	21
Reject	23	355

n: 404

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	External world: non-skeptical realism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	57	21
Reject	376	46

n: 500

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	True contradictions: actual
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	25	45
Reject	39	324

n: 433

p < 0.0001

r: -0.24	True contradictions: impossible
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	29	41
Reject	291	72

n: 433

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Propositions: acts
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	16	44
Reject	21	316

n: 397

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Truth: epistemic
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	56
Reject	35	361

n: 470

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	10	48
Reject	141	147

n: 346

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Justification: coherentism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	33
Reject	62	253

n: 376

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	External world: idealism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	67
Reject	21	402

n: 501

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	External world: skepticism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	67
Reject	22	401

n: 501

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Abstract objects: Platonism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	57
Reject	202	175

n: 455

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Logic: classical
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	42
Reject	240	116

n: 432

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Analysis of knowledge: justified true belief
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	16	85
Reject	100	234

n: 435

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Philosophical methods: formal philosophy
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	49	37
Reject	314	109

n: 509

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Other minds: plants
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	64
Reject	24	339

n: 438

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Consciousness: panpsychism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	9	52
Reject	23	320

n: 404

p: 0.0003

r: 0.18	Philosophical progress: none
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	6	77
Reject	12	399

n: 494

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Continuum hypothesis: determinate
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	39	27
Reject	84	158

n: 308

p: 0.0018

r: 0.18	Propositional attitudes: dispositional
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	33
Reject	104	215

n: 384

p: 0.0005

r: 0.17	Law: legal positivism
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	23	18
Reject	91	144

n: 276

p: 0.0036

r: 0.17	Response to external-world skepticism: contextualist
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	75
Reject	35	262

n: 393

p: 0.0005

r: 0.17	Values in science: necessarily value-laden
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	45	30
Reject	122	224

n: 421

p: 0.0004

r: 0.17	Knowledge: empiricism
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	3
Reject	197	177

n: 401

p: 0.0006

r: 0.17	Quantum mechanics: hidden-variables
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	27
Reject	58	208

n: 307

p: 0.0027

r: -0.17	Wittgenstein: early
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	12	61
Reject	125	212

n: 410

p: 0.0005

r: 0.17	Morality: constructivism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	35	34
Reject	64	284

n: 417

p: 0.0005

r: 0.17	Quantum mechanics: collapse
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Accept	Reject
Accept	6	16
Reject	51	234

n: 307

p: 0.0029

r: -0.17	Morality: constructivism
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	10	48
Reject	86	270

n: 414

p: 0.0006

r: 0.17	Consciousness: panpsychism
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	6	44
Reject	26	327

n: 403

p: 0.0007

r: 0.17	Quantum mechanics: epistemic
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	37
Reject	21	239

n: 308

p: 0.0032

r: 0.17	Method in political philosophy: ideal theory
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	25	23
Reject	80	183

n: 311

p: 0.0031

r: 0.17	Perceptual experience: sense-datum theory
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	7	59
Reject	14	315

n: 395

p: 0.001

r: -0.16	Continuum hypothesis: determinate
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	25	59
Reject	98	128

n: 310

p: 0.0039

r: 0.16	True contradictions: possible but non-actual
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	7	63
Reject	17	346

n: 433

p: 0.0007

r: -0.16	True contradictions: actual
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	9	89
Reject	55	281

n: 434

p: 0.0008

r: 0.16	Method in history of philosophy: analytic/rational reconstruction
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	13
Reject	216	113

n: 396

p: 0.0014

r: 0.16	Morality: expressivism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	51
Reject	42	307

n: 417

p: 0.0011

r: 0.16	Statue and lump: one thing
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	27	25
Reject	116	190

n: 358

p: 0.0026

r: 0.16	Properties: tropes
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	44
Reject	50	263

n: 368

p: 0.0024

r: 0.16	Normative concepts: fit
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Accept	Reject
Accept	5	16
Reject	25	297

n: 343

p: 0.0036

r: 0.16	Material composition: nihilism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	7	28
Reject	15	220

n: 270

p: 0.01

r: 0.15	Properties: nonexistent
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	78
Reject	25	253

n: 370

p: 0.0029

r: -0.15	Perceptual experience: representationalism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	31	36
Reject	162	170

n: 399

p: 0.0021

r: -0.15	Knowledge claims: contextualism
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	36	44
Reject	204	172

n: 456

p: 0.001

r: 0.15	Consciousness: dualism
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	53
Reject	66	269

n: 406

p: 0.0022

r: 0.15	Analysis of knowledge: no analysis
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	47
Reject	92	241

n: 434

p: 0.0017

r: -0.15	Other minds: adult humans
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	74	1
Reject	361	2

n: 438

p: 0.0016

r: 0.15	Arguments for theism: ontological
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	9	51
Reject	38	282

n: 380

p: 0.0035

r: 0.15	Interlevel metaphysics: identity
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	13	47
Reject	41	241

n: 342

p: 0.0065

r: 0.15	Method in history of philosophy: analytic/rational reconstruction
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	39	11
Reject	230	115

n: 395

p: 0.0035

r: 0.15	Theory of reference: deflationary
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	44
Reject	56	267

n: 391

p: 0.0037

r: -0.15	Science: scientific realism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	53	27
Reject	340	66

n: 486

p: 0.0012

r: 0.15	Continuum hypothesis: determinate
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	20
Reject	97	165

n: 306

p: 0.0109

r: -0.14	Immortality: yes
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	20	50
Reject	190	176

n: 436

p: 0.0025

r: 0.14	Political philosophy: egalitarianism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	43	33
Reject	154	180

n: 410

p: 0.0034

r: 0.14	Temporal ontology: eternalism
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	29	21
Reject	128	176

n: 354

p: 0.0069

r: 0.14	Response to external-world skepticism: semantic externalist
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	10	86
Reject	30	268

n: 394

p: 0.0058

r: 0.14	Properties: transcendent universals
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	27	65
Reject	57	221

n: 370

p: 0.0075

r: 0.14	Semantic content: radical contextualism (most or all)
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	31	38
Reject	69	243

n: 381

p: 0.0067

r: 0.14	Temporal ontology: growing block
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	16	38
Reject	45	256

n: 355

p: 0.0102

r: 0.14	True contradictions: impossible
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	71	11
Reject	249	103

n: 434

p: 0.0045

r: 0.14	Spacetime: relationism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	37	17
Reject	127	150

n: 331

p: 0.0139

r: 0.13	Perceptual experience: qualia theory
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Accept	Reject
Accept	5	20
Reject	60	310

n: 395

p: 0.0075

r: 0.13	Properties: transcendent universals
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	47
Reject	63	238

n: 369

p: 0.0098

r: 0.13	Propositions: simple entities
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	6	51
Reject	26	312

n: 395

p: 0.0081

r: 0.13	Politics: capitalism
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	35	34
Reject	110	223

n: 402

p: 0.0078

r: 0.13	Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Accept	Reject
Accept	6	17
Reject	89	244

n: 356

p: 0.0128

r: 0.13	Eating animals and animal products: veganism (no and no)
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	14	53
Reject	75	348

n: 490

p: 0.0036

r: -0.13	Eating animals and animal products: omnivorism (yes and yes)
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	41	45
Reject	237	171

n: 494

p: 0.0035

r: 0.13	Grounds of intentionality: causal/teleological
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	40	42
Reject	83	167

n: 332

p: 0.0171

r: 0.13	Grounds of intentionality: phenomenal
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	7	49
Reject	27	245

n: 328

p: 0.0178

r: -0.13	Philosophical knowledge: a lot
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	42	34
Reject	236	124

n: 436

p: 0.0066

r: 0.13	Meaning of life: subjective
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	10
Reject	155	227

n: 413

p: 0.0082

r: 0.13	Response to external-world skepticism: pragmatic
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	30	35
Reject	61	271

n: 397

p: 0.0097

r: 0.13	Mental content: internalism
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	43
Reject	109	269

n: 453

p: 0.0059

r: 0.13	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	51	14
Reject	263	149

n: 477

p: 0.0048

r: -0.13	Temporal ontology: presentism
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	75
Reject	55	209

n: 358

p: 0.0147

r: 0.13	Law: legal positivism
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	9
Reject	104	152

n: 276

p: 0.0328

r: -0.13	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	76
Reject	110	208

n: 415

p: 0.0088

r: 0.13	Knowledge claims: invariantism
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	46
Reject	122	253

n: 455

p: 0.0061

r: 0.13	Philosophical knowledge: none
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	8	68
Reject	13	346

n: 435

p: 0.0076

r: 0.13	Vagueness: metaphysical
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	19	54
Reject	75	321

n: 469

p: 0.0057

r: 0.13	Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	38
Reject	84	223

n: 356

p: 0.0164

r: 0.13	Propositions: nonexistent
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Accept	Reject
Accept	9	21
Reject	63	301

n: 394

p: 0.0116

r: 0.13	Other minds: cats
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	70	6
Reject	334	28

n: 438

p: 0.0079

r: -0.13	Gender: social
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Accept	Reject
Accept	12	21
Reject	280	128

n: 441

p: 0.0078

r: 0.13	True contradictions: impossible
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	82	16
Reject	239	97

n: 434

p: 0.0086

r: 0.13	Abstract objects: Platonism
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	46	31
Reject	178	201

n: 456

p: 0.0071

r: -0.13	Laws of nature: Humean
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	83
Reject	134	231

n: 480

p: 0.0059

r: 0.13	Other minds: worms
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	39
Reject	82	297

n: 435

p: 0.0089

r: 0.13	Properties: classes
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	13	55
Reject	37	263

n: 368

p: 0.0162

r: 0.13	Gender: psychological
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	27	48
Reject	80	283

n: 438

p: 0.0087

r: 0.12	Propositional attitudes: representational
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Accept	Reject
Accept	43	22
Reject	155	166

n: 386

p: 0.0143

r: -0.12	Teletransporter: survival
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	44
Reject	157	193

n: 415

p: 0.0114

r: 0.12	Response to external-world skepticism: abductive
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	68
Reject	81	218

n: 395

p: 0.0139

r: -0.12	Truth: correspondence
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	47
Reject	241	155

n: 471

p: 0.0072

r: -0.12	Aesthetic experience: perception
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	28
Reject	85	173

n: 297

p: 0.0346

r: 0.12	Wittgenstein: early
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	25
Reject	104	246

n: 407

p: 0.0135

r: 0.12	Propositional attitudes: phenomenal
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Accept	Reject
Accept	7	56
Reject	21	293

n: 377

p: 0.0176

Strongest correlations with demographic questions (target population)

r: -0.17	AOS: Philosophy of Mathematics
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	5	87
Reject	28	397

n: 517

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Other demographics: YOB
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Yes	No
Accept	30	38
Reject	189	238

n: 495

p: 0.0005

r: -0.15	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	13	79
Reject	121	304

n: 517

p: 0.0007

r: 0.14	Tradition: Continental
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	11	76
Reject	10	418

n: 515

p: 0.001

r: -0.14	Gender: male
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	69	21
Reject	381	46

n: 517

p: 0.0011

r: 0.14	Gender: female
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	21	69
Reject	45	382

n: 517

p: 0.0012

r: 0.14	Philosopher: Hegel
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	7	69
Reject	5	338

n: 419

p: 0.004

r: 0.14	Philosopher: Rawls
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	5	71
Reject	6	337

n: 419

p: 0.0044

r: 0.14	AOS: Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	5	87
Reject	3	422

n: 517

p: 0.0018

r: 0.13	AOS: Metaphysics
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Yes	No
Accept	48	73
Reject	111	286

n: 518

p: 0.0027

r: 0.13	Tradition: Analytic
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Yes	No
Accept	82	6
Reject	375	53

n: 516

p: 0.0031

r: -0.13	AOS: Metaphysics
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	15	77
Reject	143	282

n: 517

p: 0.0032

r: -0.12	Tradition: Analytic
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	64	23
Reject	392	36

n: 515

p: 0.0052

r: 0.12	AOS: Applied Ethics
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Yes	No
Accept	5	30
Reject	39	441

n: 515

p: 0.0065

r: 0.12	AOS: 19th Century Philosophy
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	12	80
Reject	13	412

n: 517

p: 0.0075

r: 0.12	Other demographics: YOB
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Yes	No
Accept	50	70
Reject	170	209

n: 499

p: 0.0088

r: 0.12	AOS: Meta-Ethics
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Yes	No
Accept	15	53
Reject	47	399

n: 514

p: 0.008

r: 0.12	AOS: Philosophy of Physical Science
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Yes	No
Accept	12	109
Reject	14	383

n: 518

p: 0.0082

r: 0.12	AOS: Aesthetics
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	10	82
Reject	14	411

n: 517

p: 0.0087

r: -0.11	AOS: Logic and Philosophy of Logic
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	16	76
Reject	76	349

n: 517

p: 0.0101

r: 0.11	Region of nationality: United Kingdom
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Yes	No
Accept	11	56
Reject	31	392

n: 490

p: 0.0125

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Frege
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Yes	No
Accept	16	41
Reject	40	320

n: 417

p: 0.0291

r: 0.11	Philosopher: Kant
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	16	60
Reject	35	308

n: 419

p: 0.0289

r: -0.1	Philosopher: Wittgenstein
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Yes	No
Accept	6	63
Reject	40	309

n: 418

p: 0.0343

r: 0.1	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Yes	No
Accept	10	25
Reject	69	411

n: 515

p: 0.0205

r: 0.1	Region of PhD: United States
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Yes	No
Accept	69	29
Reject	187	98

n: 383

p: 0.0481

r: 0.1	AOS: Philosophy of Mathematics
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Yes	No
Accept	18	103
Reject	16	381

n: 518

p: 0.0225

r: -0.1	AOS: Logic and Philosophy of Logic
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Yes	No
Accept	7	28
Reject	83	397

n: 515

p: 0.0285

r: -0.09	AOS: 20th Century Philosophy
Foundations of mathematics: structuralism	Yes	No
Accept	7	114
Reject	32	365

n: 518

p: 0.0315

r: 0.09	Region of affiliation: Canada
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	12	77
Reject	21	414

n: 524

p: 0.0309

r: 0.09	AOS: Philosophy of Social Science
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Yes	No
Accept	5	30
Reject	18	462

n: 515

p: 0.0325

r: 0.09	AOS: 17th/18th Century Philosophy
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	15	77
Reject	35	390

n: 517

p: 0.0335

r: 0.09	Other demographics: YOB
Foundations of mathematics: set-theoretic	Yes	No
Accept	34	49
Reject	188	228

n: 499

p: 0.0371

r: 0.09	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Foundations of mathematics: constructivism/intuitionism	Yes	No
Accept	8	84
Reject	10	415

n: 517

p: 0.0375

r: 0.09	Tradition: Analytic
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Yes	No
Accept	62	6
Reject	391	53

n: 512

p: 0.0402

r: 0.09	Region of affiliation: United Kingdom
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Yes	No
Accept	11	60
Reject	34	416

n: 521

p: 0.0423

r: 0.09	Other demographics: YOB
Foundations of mathematics: formalism	Yes	No
Accept	16	20
Reject	204	256

n: 496

p: 0.048

r: 0.09	AOS: Philosophy of Social Science
Foundations of mathematics: logicism	Yes	No
Accept	7	61
Reject	15	431

n: 514

p: 0.0485