Survey Results

Moral judgment: cognitivism or non-cognitivism?

Population

AOS

Region

for

Exclude answers beyond respondent's first 50

Include skip/insufficiently familiar answers

1636 respondents

What the percentages mean: "Accept or lean toward P: 50% (40%)" means that 50% of respondents endorsed this answer inclusively (including multiple-answer endorsements) and 40% endorsed this answer exclusively (excluding multiple-answer endorsements).

These results should not be used for comparison to 2009 results due to different populations and parameters. For meaningful longitudinal comparisons, see the longitudinal analysis section.

Collapse accept and lean towards

Accept or lean towards:
cognitivism

69.25% (68.15%)

Reject or lean against:
cognitivism

0.43% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
non-cognitivism

20.72% (19.87%)

Reject or lean against:
non-cognitivism

0.49% (0.00%)

Accept a combination of views

1.65%

Accept an alternative view

1.83%

The question is too unclear to answer

2.26%

There is no fact of the matter

0.67%

Agnostic/undecided

4.77%

Other

0.79%

N = 1636, excluding skipped & insufficiently familiar (149 respondents)

Alternative Views

43 target respondents indicated that they accept or lean toward an alternative view. The words used in their responses cluster as follows. These results are not filtered by AOS, region, etc.

PRAG (6): pragmatism (4) pragmatic (2)
HYBR (6): hybrid (4) hybridism (2)
BOTH (4): both (4)
PLUR (4): pluralism (4)

Longitudinal comparison to 2009 survey

Comparison type

AOS

Geographic filters do not apply to this section.

Option

2009

2020

Change

Swing

Option

Accept or lean towards: cognitivism

65.74%

63.43%

2.31

-1.47

2009	65.74%
2020	63.43%
Change	2.31
Swing	-1.47

Accept or lean towards: non-cognitivism

16.97%

17.59%

0.62

1.47

2009	16.97%
2020	17.59%
Change	0.62
Swing	1.47

Accept a combination of views

5.37%

1.85%

3.52

2009	5.37%
2020	1.85%
Change	3.52

Accept an alternative view

1.93%

1.54%

0.39

2009	1.93%
2020	1.54%
Change	0.39

The question is too unclear to answer

1.72%

2.47%

0.75

2009	1.72%
2020	2.47%
Change	0.75

There is no fact of the matter

0.11%

0.31%

0.20

2009	0.11%
2020	0.31%
Change	0.20

Insufficiently familiar with the issue

4.73%

6.64%

1.91

2009	4.73%
2020	6.64%
Change	1.91

Agnostic/undecided

2.15%

4.01%

1.86

2009	2.15%
2020	4.01%
Change	1.86

Skipped

1.07%

1.7%

0.63

2009	1.07%
2020	1.7%
Change	0.63

Other

0.21%

0.46%

0.25

2009	0.21%
2020	0.46%
Change	0.25

N (2020) = 648
N (2009) = 931

Weighted values

Option	2009	2020	Change
Cognitivism	64.08	64.18	0.10
Non-cognitivism	23.42	22.4	1.02

Strongest correlations with main questions (target population)

r: 0.6	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	889	169
Reject	101	280

n: 1439

p < 0.0001

r: -0.47	Morality: expressivism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	23	646
Reject	75	139

n: 883

p < 0.0001

r: 0.39	Metaontology: heavyweight realism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	232	203
Reject	23	111

n: 569

p < 0.0001

r: 0.37	Aesthetic value: objective
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	580	400
Reject	99	251

n: 1330

p < 0.0001

r: 0.36	Meaning of life: objective
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	464	443
Reject	60	260

n: 1227

p < 0.0001

r: -0.32	Knowledge: empiricism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	421	452
Reject	239	67

n: 1179

p < 0.0001

r: 0.31	Abstract objects: Platonism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	487	461
Reject	82	266

n: 1296

p < 0.0001

r: -0.3	Laws of nature: Humean
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	252	713
Reject	171	172

n: 1308

p < 0.0001

r: -0.3	Practical reason: Humean
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	142	397
Reject	102	97

n: 738

p < 0.0001

r: 0.28	Truth: correspondence
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	632	349
Reject	133	210

n: 1324

p < 0.0001

r: 0.28	Morality: non-naturalism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	248	422
Reject	18	192

n: 880

p < 0.0001

r: -0.27	Truth: deflationary
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	214	766
Reject	143	199

n: 1322

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	129	396
Reject	7	156

n: 688

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Consciousness: dualism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	195	423
Reject	17	185

n: 820

p < 0.0001

r: -0.27	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	445	436
Reject	241	93

n: 1215

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Metaontology: anti-realism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	35	398
Reject	35	98

n: 566

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	A priori knowledge: yes
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	894	175
Reject	252	130

n: 1451

p < 0.0001

r: -0.25	Morality: error theory
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	646
Reject	25	186

n: 881

p < 0.0001

r: -0.24	Experience machine: yes
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	100	926
Reject	88	269

n: 1383

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Philosophical methods: intuition-based philosophy
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	628	410
Reject	153	238

n: 1429

p < 0.0001

r: -0.24	Chinese room: understands
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	90	537
Reject	67	152

n: 846

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Well-being: objective list
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	403	203
Reject	81	107

n: 794

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	God: theism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	273	792
Reject	31	350

n: 1446

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Meaning of life: nonexistent
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	135	759
Reject	95	223

n: 1212

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Propositions: structured entities
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	233	254
Reject	46	119

n: 652

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Concepts: nativism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	184	298
Reject	36	143

n: 661

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Mind: physicalism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	526	491
Reject	257	114

n: 1388

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	External world: skepticism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	45	1034
Reject	42	328

n: 1449

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Metaontology: deflationary realism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	117	318
Reject	56	76

n: 567

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Continuum hypothesis: determinate
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	139	159
Reject	28	70

n: 396

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Well-being: hedonism/experientialism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	66	538
Reject	43	145

n: 792

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	External world: non-skeptical realism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	963	116
Reject	282	87

n: 1448

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Science: scientific realism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	855	165
Reject	241	111

n: 1372

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Abortion: permissible
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	584	135
Reject	224	22

n: 965

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	True contradictions: impossible
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	478	114
Reject	126	69

n: 787

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Knowledge claims: invariantism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	296	594
Reject	55	273

n: 1218

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Immortality: yes
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	382	311
Reject	79	156

n: 928

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Propositions: nonexistent
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	64	421
Reject	47	118

n: 650

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	201	393
Reject	27	157

n: 778

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Interlevel metaphysics: grounding
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	177	271
Reject	28	110

n: 586

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Morality: constructivism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	128	545
Reject	62	149

n: 884

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Free will: no free will
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	91	989
Reject	76	295

n: 1451

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Free will: libertarianism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	268	812
Reject	40	331

n: 1451

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Law: legal positivism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	153	251
Reject	71	64

n: 539

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Properties: transcendent universals
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	126	355
Reject	18	128

n: 627

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Response to external-world skepticism: pragmatic
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	118	457
Reject	67	134

n: 776

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Hard problem of consciousness: yes
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	449	194
Reject	120	100

n: 863

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Justification: coherentism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	136	456
Reject	67	118

n: 777

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Time: A-theory
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	239	422
Reject	45	173

n: 879

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Quantum mechanics: many-worlds
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	61	277
Reject	36	84

n: 458

p: 0.0003

r: -0.17	True contradictions: actual
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	60	532
Reject	38	157

n: 787

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Theory of reference: deflationary
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	58	458
Reject	46	125

n: 687

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	True contradictions: possible but non-actual
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	23	569
Reject	16	179

n: 787

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Meaning of life: subjective
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	338	570
Reject	158	162

n: 1228

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Arguments for theism: cosmological
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	166	424
Reject	32	149

n: 771

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Material composition: nihilism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	27	328
Reject	16	73

n: 444

p: 0.001

r: -0.15	Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	109	415
Reject	47	114

n: 685

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Logic: classical
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	532	253
Reject	143	129

n: 1057

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	External world: idealism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	70	1010
Reject	31	339

n: 1450

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Spacetime: relationism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	170	211
Reject	80	61

n: 522

p: 0.0007

r: 0.15	Practical reason: Aristotelian
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	249	290
Reject	66	133

n: 738

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Morality: naturalist realism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	266	409
Reject	39	172

n: 886

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Practical reason: Kantian
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	131	406
Reject	24	174

n: 735

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Well-being: desire satisfaction
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	114	492
Reject	49	140

n: 795

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Consciousness: functionalism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	213	406
Reject	91	113

n: 823

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Normative ethics: consequentialism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	327	674
Reject	147	197

n: 1345

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Method in political philosophy: ideal theory
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	200	296
Reject	37	116

n: 649

p: 0.0003

r: -0.14	Consciousness: eliminativism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	20	598
Reject	19	183

n: 820

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Cosmological fine-tuning: multiverse
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	72	454
Reject	42	121

n: 689

p: 0.0002

r: -0.14	Properties: nonexistent
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	445
Reject	24	122

n: 625

p: 0.0005

r: 0.14	Possible worlds: abstract
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	412	239
Reject	120	120

n: 891

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Other minds: newborn babies
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	626	78
Reject	198	39

n: 941

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Causation: nonexistent
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	12	537
Reject	18	179

n: 746

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Causation: primitive
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	144	404
Reject	28	170

n: 746

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Footbridge: push
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	224	786
Reject	115	227

n: 1352

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Propositional attitudes: nonexistent
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	9	475
Reject	15	148

n: 647

p: 0.0005

r: -0.14	Philosophical methods: experimental philosophy
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	323	715
Reject	162	229

n: 1429

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	Moral motivation: internalism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	388	503
Reject	158	144

n: 1193

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Analytic-synthetic distinction: yes
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	728	307
Reject	227	152

n: 1414

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Extended mind: yes
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	300	297
Reject	129	82

n: 808

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Aim of philosophy: truth/knowledge
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	527	507
Reject	139	222

n: 1395

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Knowledge claims: relativism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	862
Reject	39	290

n: 1219

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Normative ethics: deontology
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	420	582
Reject	92	252

n: 1346

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Possible worlds: nonexistent
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	184	467
Reject	93	147

n: 891

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Philosophical knowledge: none
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	682
Reject	14	211

n: 925

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Normative concepts: fit
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	41	501
Reject	18	128

n: 688

p: 0.0007

r: -0.13	Statue and lump: one thing
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	187	361
Reject	80	88

n: 716

p: 0.0006

r: 0.13	Sleeping beauty: one-third
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	89	181
Reject	23	59

n: 352

p: 0.0179

r: -0.12	Philosophical methods: empirical philosophy
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	631	407
Reject	269	122

n: 1429

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Semantic content: radical contextualism (most or all)
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	107	371
Reject	62	120

n: 660

p: 0.0016

r: 0.12	Grounds of intentionality: primitive
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	78	368
Reject	13	136

n: 595

p: 0.0029

r: 0.12	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	242	369
Reject	60	135

n: 806

p: 0.0006

r: 0.12	Propositional attitudes: representational
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	268	225
Reject	66	101

n: 660

p: 0.002

r: -0.12	Properties: classes
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	48	433
Reject	31	115

n: 627

p: 0.0027

r: -0.11	Knowledge claims: contextualism
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	491	401
Reject	213	116

n: 1221

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Response to external-world skepticism: contextualist
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	61	503
Reject	24	176

n: 764

p: 0.0023

r: -0.11	Arguments for theism: pragmatic
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	87	494
Reject	46	134

n: 761

p: 0.0025

r: 0.11	Aim of philosophy: wisdom
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	377	628
Reject	107	251

n: 1363

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Mind uploading: survival
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	181	439
Reject	66	132

n: 818

p: 0.0019

r: 0.11	Aim of philosophy: goodness/justice
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Accept	Reject
Accept	284	719
Reject	71	281

n: 1355

p < 0.0001

Strongest correlations with demographic questions (target population)

r: -0.21	Philosopher: Hume
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	113	680
Reject	89	220

n: 1102

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Philosopher: Plato
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	63	730
Reject	2	307

n: 1102

p < 0.0001

r: -0.15	Region of nationality: Europe
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	177	867
Reject	110	266

n: 1420

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	Philosopher: Aquinas
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	48	745
Reject	2	307

n: 1102

p < 0.0001

r: 0.15	AOS: Normative Ethics
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	286	812
Reject	56	346

n: 1500

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	119	979
Reject	15	387

n: 1500

p < 0.0001

r: -0.14	AOS: Philosophy of Biology
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	27	1071
Reject	31	371

n: 1500

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Region of nationality: United States
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	579	465
Reject	166	210

n: 1420

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Moore
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	35	758
Reject	2	307

n: 1102

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Reid
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	32	761
Reject	0	309

n: 1102

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	Region of affiliation: Europe
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	151	975
Reject	90	314

n: 1530

p < 0.0001

r: 0.12	Region of PhD: United States
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	556	233
Reject	173	109

n: 1071

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	97	1001
Reject	65	337

n: 1500

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Region of PhD: Europe
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	58	731
Reject	40	242

n: 1071

p: 0.0002

r: 0.11	Region of affiliation: United States
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	662	464
Reject	199	205

n: 1530

p < 0.0001

r: 0.11	AOS: Metaphysics
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	259	839
Reject	62	340

n: 1500

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Philosopher: Carnap
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	37	756
Reject	31	278

n: 1102

p: 0.0004

r: -0.1	AOS: Philosophy of Social Science
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	27	1071
Reject	25	377

n: 1500

p < 0.0001

r: -0.1	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	35	1063
Reject	32	370

n: 1500

p < 0.0001

r: -0.1	AOS: Philosophy of Physical Science
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	25	1073
Reject	19	383

n: 1500

p < 0.0001

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Aristotle
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	170	623
Reject	41	268

n: 1102

p: 0.0014

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Quine
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	56	737
Reject	37	272

n: 1102

p: 0.0023

r: 0.09	AOS: Meta-Ethics
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	176	922
Reject	41	361

n: 1500

p: 0.0004

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Nietzsche
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	14	779
Reject	16	293

n: 1102

p: 0.0026

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Parfit
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	40	753
Reject	5	304

n: 1102

p: 0.0042

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Kant
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	139	654
Reject	31	278

n: 1102

p: 0.0043

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Merleau-Ponty
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	10	783
Reject	12	297

n: 1102

p: 0.0058

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Locke
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	28	765
Reject	3	306

n: 1102

p: 0.006

r: 0.08	Tradition: Analytic
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	950	133
Reject	324	76

n: 1483

p: 0.0018

r: -0.08	Tradition: Continental
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	44	1039
Reject	33	367

n: 1483

p: 0.0021

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Wittgenstein
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	64	729
Reject	36	273

n: 1102

p: 0.0083

r: 0.08	AOS: Epistemology
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	288	810
Reject	80	322

n: 1500

p: 0.0026

r: 0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Law
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	43	1055
Reject	6	396

n: 1500

p: 0.0042

r: -0.07	AOS: 20th Century Philosophy
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	69	1029
Reject	40	362

n: 1500

p: 0.0057

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Descartes
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	36	757
Reject	7	302

n: 1102

p: 0.02

r: 0.07	AOS: Ancient Greek and Roman Philosophy
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	75	1023
Reject	15	387

n: 1500

p: 0.0077

r: -0.07	AOS: Logic and Philosophy of Logic
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	80	1018
Reject	43	359

n: 1500

p: 0.01

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Leibniz
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	30	763
Reject	4	305

n: 1102

p: 0.0295

r: -0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	93	1005
Reject	45	357

n: 1500

p: 0.0135

r: -0.06	AOS: Asian Philosophy
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	17	1081
Reject	13	389

n: 1500

p: 0.0145

r: -0.06	Region of PhD: Canada
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	29	760
Reject	13	269

n: 1071

p: 0.0391

r: -0.06	Philosopher: Rorty
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	6	787
Reject	5	304

n: 1102

p: 0.0405

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Kierkegaard
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	17	776
Reject	2	307

n: 1102

p: 0.0454

r: 0.05	AOS: Applied Ethics
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	173	925
Reject	46	356

n: 1500

p: 0.034

r: -0.05	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Moral judgment: cognitivism	Yes	No
Accept	168	930
Reject	77	325

n: 1500

p: 0.0399