Survey Results

Free will: libertarianism, compatibilism, or no free will?

Population

AOS

Region

for

Exclude answers beyond respondent's first 50

Include skip/insufficiently familiar answers

1758 respondents

What the percentages mean: "Accept or lean toward P: 50% (40%)" means that 50% of respondents endorsed this answer inclusively (including multiple-answer endorsements) and 40% endorsed this answer exclusively (excluding multiple-answer endorsements).

These results should not be used for comparison to 2009 results due to different populations and parameters. For meaningful longitudinal comparisons, see the longitudinal analysis section.

Collapse accept and lean towards

Accept or lean towards:
compatibilism

59.16% (57.68%)

Reject or lean against:
compatibilism

0.51% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
libertarianism

18.83% (18.20%)

Reject or lean against:
libertarianism

1.02% (0.00%)

Accept or lean towards:
no free will

11.21% (10.58%)

Reject or lean against:
no free will

1.31% (0.00%)

Accept a combination of views

2.16%

Accept an alternative view

2.62%

The question is too unclear to answer

2.50%

There is no fact of the matter

0.97%

Agnostic/undecided

4.55%

Other

0.74%

N = 1758, excluding skipped & insufficiently familiar (27 respondents)

Most popular option combinations

Options	Number of responses	% of responses
Accept or lean towards: compatibilism	10	0.57%
Accept or lean towards: compatibilism Accept or lean towards: no free will	8	0.46%
Accept or lean towards: compatibilism Accept or lean towards: libertarianism	6	0.34%
Accept or lean towards: libertarianism	2	0.11%
Accept or lean towards: no free will	1	0.06%

Alternative Views

68 target respondents indicated that they accept or lean toward an alternative view. The words used in their responses cluster as follows. These results are not filtered by AOS, region, etc.

INCO (5): incompatibilism (3) incoherent (1) incompatiblism (1)
DETE (5): determinism (2) determinate (1) deterministic (1) determined (1)
PRAG (5): pragmatism (4) pragmatic (1)
REAL (4): real (2) reality (1) realized (1)

Longitudinal comparison to 2009 survey

Comparison type

AOS

Geographic filters do not apply to this section.

Option

2009

2020

Change

Swing

Option

Accept or lean towards: compatibilism

59.08%

62.81%

3.73

3.54

2009	59.08%
2020	62.81%
Change	3.73
Swing	3.54

Accept or lean towards: libertarianism

13.75%

12.81%

0.94

-1.13

2009	13.75%
2020	12.81%
Change	0.94
Swing	-1.13

Accept or lean towards: no free will

12.24%

10.03%

2.21

-2.41

2009	12.24%
2020	10.03%
Change	2.21
Swing	-2.41

Accept a combination of views

3.11%

1.7%

1.41

2009	3.11%
2020	1.7%
Change	1.41

Accept an alternative view

1.72%

2.62%

0.90

2009	1.72%
2020	2.62%
Change	0.90

The question is too unclear to answer

2.79%

1.7%

1.09

2009	2.79%
2020	1.7%
Change	1.09

There is no fact of the matter

0.86%

1.08%

0.22

2009	0.86%
2020	1.08%
Change	0.22

Insufficiently familiar with the issue

1.72%

1.39%

0.33

2009	1.72%
2020	1.39%
Change	0.33

Agnostic/undecided

4.08%

5.09%

1.01

2009	4.08%
2020	5.09%
Change	1.01

Skipped

0.32%

0.15%

0.17

2009	0.32%
2020	0.15%
Change	0.17

Other

0.32%

0.62%

0.30

2009	0.32%
2020	0.62%
Change	0.30

N (2020) = 648
N (2009) = 931

Weighted values

Option	2009	2020	Change
Compatibilism	62.5	59.59	2.91
Libertarianism	22.45	23.39	0.94
No free will	19.68	21.62	1.94

Strongest correlations with main questions (target population)

r: 0.5	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	89	80
Reject	46	501

n: 716

p < 0.0001

r: 0.45	God: theism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	167	134
Reject	147	1083

n: 1531

p < 0.0001

r: -0.44	Abortion: permissible
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	120	91
Reject	726	70

n: 1007

p < 0.0001

r: -0.43	Mind: physicalism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	64	228
Reject	791	383

n: 1466

p < 0.0001

r: 0.4	Consciousness: dualism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	100	70
Reject	120	565

n: 855

p < 0.0001

r: -0.39	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	72	191
Reject	662	341

n: 1266

p < 0.0001

r: -0.35	Other minds: future AI systems
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	36	167
Reject	360	413

n: 976

p < 0.0001

r: 0.34	Abortion: permissible
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	585	54
Reject	263	108

n: 1010

p < 0.0001

r: -0.34	Cosmological fine-tuning: design
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	39	403
Reject	97	179

n: 718

p < 0.0001

r: 0.32	Meaning of life: objective
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	190	90
Reject	337	686

n: 1303

p < 0.0001

r: -0.32	Practical reason: Humean
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	153
Reject	233	354

n: 757

p < 0.0001

r: 0.32	Morality: non-naturalism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	106	83
Reject	154	554

n: 897

p < 0.0001

r: -0.3	Temporal ontology: eternalism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	116
Reject	243	235

n: 628

p < 0.0001

r: 0.3	Temporal ontology: presentism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	56	95
Reject	71	406

n: 628

p < 0.0001

r: -0.3	God: theism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	126	851
Reject	189	368

n: 1534

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Time: A-theory
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	113	84
Reject	178	553

n: 928

p < 0.0001

r: -0.27	Temporal ontology: presentism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	52	329
Reject	75	174

n: 630

p < 0.0001

r: -0.27	Human genetic engineering: permissible
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	85	92
Reject	550	177

n: 904

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Personal identity: further-fact view
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	96	158
Reject	136	873

n: 1263

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	113	79
Reject	203	443

n: 838

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	274	36
Reject	741	444

n: 1495

p < 0.0001

r: 0.27	Mind: physicalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	615	315
Reject	243	296

n: 1469

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Law: legal positivism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	26	91
Reject	203	234

n: 554

p < 0.0001

r: 0.26	Consciousness: functionalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	249	304
Reject	72	234

n: 859

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Consciousness: functionalism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	26	143
Reject	294	394

n: 857

p < 0.0001

r: -0.26	Consciousness: dualism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	100	451
Reject	120	186

n: 857

p < 0.0001

r: 0.25	Morality: error theory
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	85
Reject	32	762

n: 900

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Temporal ontology: eternalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	197	185
Reject	82	166

n: 630

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Other minds: future AI systems
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	292	327
Reject	106	254

n: 979

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Causation: primitive
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	64	97
Reject	107	492

n: 760

p < 0.0001

r: 0.24	Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	82	89
Reject	147	479

n: 797

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Mind uploading: survival
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	22	161
Reject	239	432

n: 854

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Abstract objects: Platonism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	183	92
Reject	408	676

n: 1359

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Chinese room: understands
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	11	181
Reject	163	529

n: 884

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Personal identity: psychological view
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	88	171
Reject	575	440

n: 1274

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	523	290
Reject	212	243

n: 1268

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Knowledge: empiricism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	98	154
Reject	615	382

n: 1249

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Time travel: metaphysically possible
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	61	124
Reject	322	330

n: 837

p < 0.0001

r: 0.23	Aesthetic value: objective
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	212	84
Reject	482	625

n: 1403

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Justification: nonreliabilist foundationalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	105	390
Reject	125	178

n: 798

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Cosmological fine-tuning: no fine-tuning
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	17	151
Reject	150	395

n: 713

p < 0.0001

r: 0.22	Truth: deflationary
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	289	593
Reject	87	422

n: 1391

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Normative ethics: consequentialism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	52	234
Reject	454	681

n: 1421

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Time: A-theory
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	140	441
Reject	151	198

n: 930

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Morality: non-naturalism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	122	446
Reject	138	193

n: 899

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	Truth: deflationary
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	35	247
Reject	340	766

n: 1388

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Hard problem of consciousness: yes
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	157	33
Reject	439	274

n: 903

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Practical reason: Aristotelian
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	105	65
Reject	212	375

n: 757

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Practical reason: Humean
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	34
Reject	198	473

n: 759

p < 0.0001

r: -0.21	Laws of nature: Humean
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	233
Reject	394	688

n: 1369

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Truth: correspondence
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	220	64
Reject	582	525

n: 1391

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	177	265
Reject	71	205

n: 718

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	Arguments for theism: cosmological
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	78	107
Reject	128	488

n: 801

p < 0.0001

r: 0.21	External world: skepticism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	28	156
Reject	58	1295

n: 1537

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Gender: biological
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	139	138
Reject	304	770

n: 1351

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Principle of sufficient reason: true
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	161	352
Reject	156	171

n: 840

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Cosmological fine-tuning: brute fact
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	34	136
Reject	214	332

n: 716

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Morality: expressivism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	80	492
Reject	18	312

n: 902

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Grounds of intentionality: primitive
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	39	91
Reject	53	433

n: 616

p < 0.0001

r: -0.2	Truth: correspondence
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	453	430
Reject	351	160

n: 1394

p < 0.0001

r: 0.2	Well-being: objective list
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	136	38
Reject	355	287

n: 816

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Normative ethics: consequentialism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	95	70
Reject	410	846

n: 1421

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Meaning of life: nonexistent
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	54	110
Reject	200	926

n: 1290

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Mind uploading: survival
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	197	340
Reject	65	255

n: 857

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Meta-ethics: moral realism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	86	94
Reject	929	388

n: 1497

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Immortality: yes
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	129	74
Reject	343	429

n: 975

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Material composition: restrictivism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	62	44
Reject	133	222

n: 461

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Propositional attitudes: phenomenal
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	18	127
Reject	34	492

n: 671

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Moral judgment: cognitivism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	91	76
Reject	989	295

n: 1451

p < 0.0001

r: -0.19	Meaning of life: subjective
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	82	198
Reject	460	565

n: 1305

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Well-being: hedonism/experientialism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	26	78
Reject	90	622

n: 816

p < 0.0001

r: 0.19	Moral judgment: cognitivism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	268	40
Reject	812	331

n: 1451

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Gender: social
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	667	219
Reject	297	185

n: 1368

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Gender categories: preserve
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	62	114
Reject	125	540

n: 841

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Morality: constructivism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	149	423
Reject	52	279

n: 903

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Consciousness: eliminativism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	21	91
Reject	23	722

n: 857

p < 0.0001

r: -0.18	Units of selection: genes
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	40	73
Reject	241	199

n: 553

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Hume: skeptic
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	83	79
Reject	212	385

n: 759

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Time travel: metaphysically possible
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	263	262
Reject	121	194

n: 840

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Justification: coherentism
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	160	335
Reject	56	247

n: 798

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Zombies: metaphysically possible
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	109	174
Reject	266	798

n: 1347

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Gender: social
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	163	115
Reject	799	289

n: 1366

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Personal identity: psychological view
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	474	343
Reject	191	269

n: 1277

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Meaning of life: objective
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	290	516
Reject	237	262

n: 1305

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Gender: biological
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	246	630
Reject	198	280

n: 1354

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Personal identity: further-fact view
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	117	694
Reject	115	340

n: 1266

p < 0.0001

r: -0.17	Aesthetic value: objective
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	56	118
Reject	638	593

n: 1405

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Aim of philosophy: wisdom
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	148	156
Reject	356	781

n: 1441

p < 0.0001

r: 0.17	Metaphilosophy: naturalism
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	119	27
Reject	615	506

n: 1267

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Causation: primitive
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	86	404
Reject	85	186

n: 761

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Experience machine: yes
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	50	120
Reject	151	1128

n: 1449

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Race: social
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	668	228
Reject	300	187

n: 1383

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Theory of reference: descriptive
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	101	380
Reject	80	167

n: 728

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Causation: counterfactual/difference-making
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	49	115
Reject	266	339

n: 769

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Normative ethics: virtue ethics
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	170	120
Reject	423	709

n: 1422

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Meaning of life: objective
Free will: no free will	Accept	Reject
Accept	32	130
Reject	494	648

n: 1304

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Political philosophy: libertarianism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	69	181
Reject	130	863

n: 1243

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Meaning of life: subjective
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	367	438
Reject	175	327

n: 1307

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Causation: counterfactual/difference-making
Free will: compatibilism	Accept	Reject
Accept	226	268
Reject	89	187

n: 770

p < 0.0001

r: -0.16	Justification: coherentism
Free will: libertarianism	Accept	Reject
Accept	24	146
Reject	191	436

n: 797

p < 0.0001

Strongest correlations with demographic questions (target population)

r: 0.31	Philosopher: Aquinas
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	41	204
Reject	11	913

n: 1169

p < 0.0001

r: 0.28	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	76	242
Reject	56	1218

n: 1592

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Philosopher: Hume
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	7	238
Reject	204	720

n: 1169

p < 0.0001

r: -0.23	Philosopher: Aquinas
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	10	738
Reject	42	381

n: 1171

p < 0.0001

r: -0.22	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	43	970
Reject	90	492

n: 1595

p < 0.0001

r: 0.18	Philosopher: Reid
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	21	224
Reject	11	913

n: 1169

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	AOS: Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	27	291
Reject	18	1256

n: 1592

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Philosopher: Augustine
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	14	231
Reject	8	916

n: 1169

p < 0.0001

r: 0.16	Philosopher: Spinoza
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	12	132
Reject	19	1008

n: 1171

p < 0.0001

r: 0.14	Philosopher: Kierkegaard
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	13	232
Reject	7	917

n: 1169

p < 0.0001

r: -0.13	Philosopher: Reid
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	8	740
Reject	24	399

n: 1171

p < 0.0001

r: 0.13	Philosopher: Hume
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	158	590
Reject	54	369

n: 1171

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	13	305
Reject	138	1136

n: 1592

p < 0.0001

r: -0.12	AOS: Medieval and Renaissance Philosophy
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	17	996
Reject	28	554

n: 1595

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	Philosopher: Augustine
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	7	741
Reject	15	408

n: 1171

p < 0.0001

r: -0.11	AOS: Normative Ethics
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	22	174
Reject	319	1079

n: 1594

p < 0.0001

r: 0.1	Region of nationality: Oceania
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	64	900
Reject	16	522

n: 1502

p < 0.0001

r: -0.1	Region of nationality: United States
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	471	493
Reject	316	222

n: 1502

p < 0.0001

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Mill
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	53	695
Reject	11	412

n: 1171

p: 0.0008

r: 0.1	Philosopher: Anscombe
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	17	228
Reject	20	904

n: 1169

p: 0.0009

r: -0.1	Philosopher: Kierkegaard
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	5	743
Reject	15	408

n: 1171

p: 0.0009

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Husserl
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	12	233
Reject	16	908

n: 1169

p: 0.0014

r: 0.09	Region of affiliation: Oceania
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	66	961
Reject	18	579

n: 1624

p: 0.0002

r: 0.09	Tradition: Analytic
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	883	127
Reject	464	100

n: 1574

p: 0.0003

r: -0.09	Philosopher: Aristotle
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	16	128
Reject	208	819

n: 1171

p: 0.0022

r: -0.09	AOS: Philosophy of Religion
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	9	187
Reject	124	1274

n: 1594

p: 0.0004

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Quine
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	25	119
Reject	72	955

n: 1171

p: 0.0026

r: -0.09	Tradition: Analytic
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	245	63
Reject	1099	164

n: 1571

p: 0.0005

r: 0.09	Philosopher: Hume
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	45	99
Reject	167	860

n: 1171

p: 0.0034

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Russell
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	16	128
Reject	58	969

n: 1171

p: 0.0038

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Heidegger
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	12	233
Reject	15	909

n: 1169

p: 0.0042

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Locke
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	12	233
Reject	19	905

n: 1169

p: 0.0045

r: 0.08	Region of nationality: United States
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	176	117
Reject	609	597

n: 1499

p: 0.0015

r: -0.08	Region of affiliation: United States
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	553	474
Reject	370	227

n: 1624

p: 0.0011

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Lewis
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	13	232
Reject	97	827

n: 1169

p: 0.006

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Davidson
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	31	717
Reject	8	415

n: 1171

p: 0.0062

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Moore
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	14	231
Reject	25	899

n: 1169

p: 0.0063

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Plato
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	23	222
Reject	42	882

n: 1169

p: 0.0063

r: -0.08	Region of affiliation: Oceania
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	6	324
Reject	78	1213

n: 1621

p: 0.0015

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Heidegger
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	11	737
Reject	16	407

n: 1171

p: 0.0081

r: 0.08	Region of affiliation: Latin America
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	6	191
Reject	12	1414

n: 1623

p: 0.0018

r: 0.08	AOS: Normative Ethics
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	236	777
Reject	105	477

n: 1595

p: 0.0022

r: 0.08	Philosopher: Aristotle
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	63	182
Reject	161	763

n: 1169

p: 0.0095

r: -0.08	Philosopher: Spinoza
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	15	733
Reject	16	407

n: 1171

p: 0.0099

r: -0.07	AOS: Metaphysics
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	196	817
Reject	152	430

n: 1595

p: 0.003

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Locke
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	13	735
Reject	18	405

n: 1171

p: 0.0139

r: -0.07	Region of PhD: United States
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	490	245
Reject	287	110

n: 1132

p: 0.0162

r: 0.07	AOS: Continental Philosophy
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	24	294
Reject	56	1218

n: 1592

p: 0.0045

r: -0.07	Philosopher: Quine
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	10	235
Reject	86	838

n: 1169

p: 0.0157

r: 0.07	AOS: Decision Theory
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	33	980
Reject	10	572

n: 1595

p: 0.0049

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Sartre
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	6	239
Reject	4	920

n: 1169

p: 0.0183

r: 0.07	Gender: female
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	222	788
Reject	97	486

n: 1593

p: 0.0065

r: -0.07	AOS: Philosophy of Social Science
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	5	313
Reject	49	1225

n: 1592

p: 0.0067

r: 0.07	Philosopher: Berkeley
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	5	240
Reject	7	917

n: 1169

p: 0.0219

r: -0.07	Tradition: Other tradition
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	76	934
Reject	63	501

n: 1574

p: 0.0098

r: 0.06	Region of PhD: United States
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	104	29
Reject	673	326

n: 1132

p: 0.0293

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Carnap
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	15	129
Reject	58	969

n: 1171

p: 0.0314

r: 0.06	Region of PhD: Oceania
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	38	697
Reject	13	384

n: 1132

p: 0.0344

r: -0.06	Philosopher: Davidson
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	5	240
Reject	34	890

n: 1169

p: 0.0332

r: 0.06	Region of affiliation: United States
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	211	119
Reject	710	581

n: 1621

p: 0.0123

r: 0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Biology
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	13	183
Reject	53	1345

n: 1594

p: 0.0132

r: 0.06	Tradition: Continental
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	25	283
Reject	63	1200

n: 1571

p: 0.0142

r: 0.06	Philosopher: Frege
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	68	680
Reject	22	401

n: 1171

p: 0.0399

r: -0.06	Gender: female
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	46	279
Reject	273	992

n: 1590

p: 0.0169

r: -0.06	Philosopher: Frege
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	11	234
Reject	78	846

n: 1169

p: 0.0456

r: -0.06	Region of affiliation: Canada
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	16	314
Reject	97	1194

n: 1621

p: 0.0187

r: 0.06	Tradition: Other tradition
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	38	270
Reject	101	1162

n: 1571

p: 0.0211

r: 0.06	Region of nationality: Canada
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	88	876
Reject	28	510

n: 1502

p: 0.0242

r: -0.06	Philosopher: Kant
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	11	133
Reject	162	865

n: 1171

p: 0.0492

r: -0.06	Tradition: Continental
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	51	959
Reject	37	527

n: 1574

p: 0.023

r: 0.06	AOS: Metaphysics
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	90	228
Reject	256	1018

n: 1592

p: 0.0225

r: 0.06	Other demographics: YOB
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	87	96
Reject	622	678

n: 1483

p: 0.0276

r: 0.06	Region of affiliation: Canada
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	85	942
Reject	28	569

n: 1624

p: 0.0221

r: 0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Cognitive Science
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	110	903
Reject	42	540

n: 1595

p: 0.0244

r: -0.06	Gender: male
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	785	225
Reject	481	102

n: 1593

p: 0.0247

r: -0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Language
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	36	282
Reject	226	1048

n: 1592

p: 0.0265

r: -0.06	AOS: Philosophy of Mind
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	55	263
Reject	277	997

n: 1592

p: 0.0271

r: -0.05	Region of affiliation: Latin America
Free will: compatibilism	Yes	No
Accept	8	1019
Reject	10	587

n: 1624

p: 0.0321

r: 0.05	Gender: male
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	276	49
Reject	987	278

n: 1590

p: 0.0347

r: -0.05	Region of nationality: Oceania
Free will: no free will	Yes	No
Accept	8	175
Reject	72	1247

n: 1502

p: 0.0428

r: -0.05	AOS: General Philosophy of Science
Free will: libertarianism	Yes	No
Accept	26	292
Reject	154	1120

n: 1592

p: 0.0393